The Old Testament
Genesis is the first book of the Old Testament and is a collection of the earliest Israelite traditions concerning the origin of things. The book has two main divisions. The first is the history of early mankind, narrating the events of the Creation, the Fall, the Flood, and the Dispersion. The second section concerns the lives of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph.
Exodus relates the history of the Israelites from after the death of Joseph to the erection of the Tabernacle by Moses. The book includes an account of the wanderings in the wilderness of Sinai and the giving of the law to the nation.
Leviticus can also be called "The Book of the Law of the Priests" as it contains very little historical matter, concerning itself with priestly legislation and the practice of the law among the people. In Leviticus much importance is placed upon Israel's separation from all heathen influences so that the nation may retain its religious purity.
Numbers is a continuation of Exodus, recording the stay of the Israelites in the wilderness of Sinai until their arrival at Moab. The title of the book is derived from the two numberings of the people recorded here.
Deuteronomy is a sequel to Numbers. Narrated in it are three speeches and two poems, supposedly spoken by Moses in Moab before the crossing of Jordan, in which he gives the Ten Commandments to the chosen people. A minor narrative in three of the chapters tells of the last days of Moses.
Joshua tells the story of Moses' successor. It was Joshua who led the people into the Promised Land after the death of Moses. The book is also a narrative of the conquest of Canaan and the division of the land among the twelve tribes of Israel.
Judges is so called because it relates of the times of various rulers, or judges, of Israel from the possession of Canaan until the time of Samuel. Also found in Judges is the recounting of the adventures of Samson.
Ruth is a beautiful pastoral idyll telling the story of Ruth, the Moabitess, and her mother-in-law Naomi. The two women return to Naomi's homeland, Judah, and there Ruth, the foreigner, marries Boaz. Ruth was the great-grandmother of David, the ancestor of Jesus.
The two Books of Samuel contain valuable historical material containing the religious and moral conditions of the period. Samuel is the great prophet-judge who helps to unite the scattered tribes under one king, Saul. The history of the reigns of Saul and David is also recorded.
The two Books of Kings follow the monarchy to its summit under Solomon and the nation's division, decline, and fall under Jeroboam and Rehoboam. Kings also gives an outline of the double captivity of Israel under the Assyrians and Judah under the Chaldeans.
The two Books of Chronicles have much in common with the books of Samuel and Kings. They contain genealogical tables from Adam to the death of Saul, the reign of Solomon, the division of the kingdom, the exile, and the proclamation of Cyrus.
Ezra-Nehemiah are companion books, continuing the narration of Chronicles. Ezra details the first return of the Jews from their captivity in Babylon and the rebuilding of the Temple. Nehemiah gives an account of the rebuilding of Jerusalem and of the efforts to bring religious reform to the people.
Esther, the last of the historical books, contains an early example of pre-Christian anti-Semitism. Esther, a Jewess, was chosen as the new queen for Ahasuerus, the king of Persia. Her uncle Mordecai had incurred the enmity of Haman, the evil court favorite, and so brought the threat of death to his people. Esther, through her position was able to avert the tragedy and save her people.
Job, the first of the poetical books, deals with the problem of suffering. God allows Satan to afflict Job, a prosperous and pious Jew, with many hardships in order to test his faith. Job loses his children and his worldly goods, and is afflicted by a terrible disease. Finally when God questions Job, he is forced to admit the limits of human wisdom, and bows humbly before the will of God. With this new humility his faith is strengthened and Job finds peace.
Psalms is a collection of poems written over a long period of time by various authors. They express the heart of humanity in all generations through a variety of religious experiences. Originally the poems were chanted or sung to the accompaniment of a stringed instrument. One of the characteristics of the Hebrew poetry is parallelism; that is, the second line reiterates the idea of the first line.
Proverbs is a part of the Wisdom literature of the Old Testament. Contained in the book are short, pithy sayings of common sense and sound advice that relate to all ways of life; in short, a practical, everyday philosophy of living.
Ecclesiates contains the writings of a wealthy Jew who suffered from the sorrows and disappointments of life and now tries to discover the true value and meaning of life through God. The author of this book calls himself "The Preacher," "The son of David," and "king in Jerusalem." But whether this was Solomon or a later "son of David" is uncertain.
The Song of Solomon is also called "Song of Songs" and "Canticles." This collection of love songs has long been an enigma and many interpretations have been offered for it. This love-relationship could signify the relationship between God and His people, or that between Christ and the Church.
Isaiah is the first collection of prophesy of the five major Hebrew prophets. Judgment to come is fundamental to Isaiah's teaching. Israel and Judah are to perish but a remnant will survive and a new Jerusalem will rise up as a city of the faithful. It is also in Isaiah that memorable prophecies of Christ's coming are found.
Jeremiah is the book of the prophet Jeremiah, who received the divine call to prophesy while very young. It was his mission to predict doom upon his nation for its many sins. For this he was hated by the priests and the people. More important that prophecies was the emphasis Jeremiah placed on personal religion.
Lamentations consists of five poems occasioned by the fall of Jerusalem and the Babylonian captivity. The first three elegies describe the terrible plight of the nation, the fourth compares the past history of Zion with her present state, and the last is a prayer for compassion and deliverance.
Ezekiel is written by the prophet of the exile. The book is divided into two sections; the first denounces the sins and abominations of Jerusalem and the second looks to the future with the hope that the city will be restored after it has been cleansed. This latter section contains passages strongly messianic in nature.
Daniel, like Ezekiel, is divided into two parts. The first six chapters tell of Daniel's faith and the greatness of his God over the idols of Babylon. The last six chapters contain the four visions of Daniel and their interpretations.
Hosea is the first book of the twelve minor prophets. Because the times were outwardly prosperous idolatry prevailed and immortality was rampant. Hosea urges a return to God in order that he may show mercy and forgiveness.
Joel was written during a locust plague, a time of great distress for the people. The prophet sees in the devastation of the locusts an indication of the coming day of the Lord. Therefore all must repent with fasting and mourning. With repentance, however, there is a promise for relief and God's blessing for Israel.
Amos is the book of the herdsman from Tekoa, a small town in Judah. He received a direct call from God to prophesy against the unrighteousness of both Judah and Israel. Amos was the first prophet to proclaim that God was the ruler of the whole world.
Obadiah is the shortest book of the Old Testament, containing only one chapter. In it is given a prophetic interpretation of a great calamity that has already occurred in Edom and a prediction of a universal judgement.
Jonah is the story of a prophet sent by God to Nineveh. Jonah was fearful of the call and tried to flee by sea to Tarshish. During the sea voyage he was thrown overboard by his fellow passengers and swallowed by a great fish sent by God. The prophet was saved and went on to Nineveh to successfully convert the people of that city.
Micah, the prophecy of the fourth in the great quartet of eighth-century b.c. prophets, with Amos, Hosea, and Isaiah, who preached against the idolatrous and unjust nations of their generation. Micah's message was stern and uncompromising; judgment was to come soon for Judah.
Nahum consists of two poems. The prophet tells of the fall of Nineveh, the capital of the Assyrian nation. God is depicted as revengeful to those who conspire against Him. The book of Nahum also contains a classic rebuke against warfare and militarism.
Habakkuk, a book of prophecy, is concerned with the problem of unpunished evil in the world. It was revealed to Habakkuk that the Chaldean armies were to be God's means of punishing the wicked and that evil would destroy itself. The book concludes with a poem of thanksgiving and great faith.
Zephaniah reveals that only the judgment of God can cleanse Judah of the sins that she has committed. The day of the Lord is coming and the nation must prepare for its salvation. According to the genealogy at the beginning of the book, Zephaniah was active during the reign of King Josiah.
Haggai is a report on the utterances of the prophet Haggai during the second year of the reign of Darius, King of the Persian Empire, in the post-exilic period. The prophet is singularly concerned with the rebuilding of the Temple, which was essential to restoring the nation's religious purity. Haggai also believed that a great messianic age was at hand.
Zechariah is a book of prophecies of a contemporary of Haggai. Zechariah urged the people to rebuild the Temple for he too believed in the imminent coming of the messianic kingdom. Zechariah and Haggai are equally responsible for determining the narrow exclusiveness of post-exilic Judaism, since they declared that the blessings of God would be shared by Judah alone.
Malachi is the last book of the Old Testament and belongs to the period of Nehemiah. The prophet's message is to the priests and the people, charging them with indifference, doubt, and immorality. Malachi tells of the coming day of the Lord and closes the book with a prophecy of John the Baptist.
The New Testament
Matthew has been pre-eminently the Gospel of the church. It tells us of God's love for Israel and of the fulfillment in Christ of God's promise to the nation. It gives the complete story of Jesus' ministry, death, and resurrection. The Sermon on the Mount, and some of the most precious of Jesus' parables are contained in this Gospel.
Mark is the earliest of the Gospels and contains much of the teachings of Peter. This Gospel presents Jesus as the man of power, the strong and active Son of God; its climax is reached when Peter makes his great confession, "You are the Christ."
Luke, the third Gospel, was written by "the beloved physician," the companion of the apostle Paul. Only in Luke are found the Magnificat, the story of the birth of John the Baptist, the Christmas story of the shepherds, the parables of the good Samaritan, the lost sheep, and the prodigal son, and the great hymns - the Gloria in Excelsis and Nunc Dimitis. Jesus is presented as the compassionate Savior, healer, redeemer, and friend of the weak. From this Gospel comes a special feeling of the mercy of God as Jesus made men understand it.
John, written by "the disciple whom Jesus loved," tells us who Jesus was and what He is; what He can always mean to those who love him. This Gospel contains more than the other Gospels about the stories of Lazarus and Nicodemus and Jesus' trial, crucifixion and resurrection, and about the disciples Andrew, Phillip, and Thomas.
The Acts of the Apostles, written by the author of the Gospel according to Luke, is the account of what Jesus' disciples did after His resurrection. It tells about the early Christian church and its missionaires, the baptism of Cornelius, the Council in Jerusalem, and about the conversion of Paul and his journeys to establish churches and to teach. Acts emphasizes that the church is guided continually by the Holy Spirit.
The Letter of Paul to the Romans was written from Corinth about 58 a.d. The purpose of the Letter is to secure the active support of the church in Rome for his missionary program. Paul stresses the universality of man's sin but that God saves all men through faith in Christ. He discusses the place of Israel in God's plan of salvation and how Christians should conduct themselves.
The Letters of Paul to the Corinthians were written from Ephesus about 57 a.d. The Christians of Corinth found it hard to live as they knew they should and questioned Paul about their difficulties. In First Corinthians Paul answers their questions, points out what they have done wrong, and encourages them with his message, "You are Christ's." Second Corinthians contains Paul's message of thanksgiving and love. Then he goes on to describe his tribulations as he went about preaching the gospel of Christ.
The Letter of Paul to the Galatians, written in 57 or 58 a.d., probably from Antioch, is the cornerstone of Christian freedom. In Galatians Paul tells of his own conversion and of how he stood firm in his belief that Christ was the Savior of people everywhere, not just those who observed every detail of the Jewish law.
The Letter of Paul to the Ephesians, written about 62 a.d., seems to be a general Letter to the churches of Asia Minor. Paul presents God's eternal purpose to save men through faith in Christ; "the dividing wall of hostility" between Jews and Gentiles has been broken down through the cross of Christ. Paul exhorts us to live as worthy, true Christians.
The Letter of Paul to the Philippians was written while Paul was a prisoner in Rome. This Letter, Paul's farewell message, is filled with gratitude and affection for his Philippian friends, the church which was perhaps dearest to him.
The Letter of Paul to the Colossians was written by Paul, while he was a prisoner in Rome, to the Christians at Colossae in Asia Minor. Paul writes to encourage them with real truth - that through Christ they have the everlasting love of God.
The Letters of Paul to the Thessalonians were written by Paul from Corinth about 52 a.d. These two Letters are the earliest writings of the N.T. Paul tells these Christians what sort of persons they must be, and that they must do their duty every day and not stand idle, waiting for the Second Coming.
The Letters of Paul to Timothy, written by the apostle to his friend Timothy at Lystra, tell of the conditions in the church and describe the qualifications and duties of church officers. Second Timothy contains Paul's request that Timothy come to Rome to see him.
The Letter of Paul to Titus encourages Titus, Paul's "true child in a common faith," to leave the church in Crete.
The Letter of Paul to Philemon, is a personal Letter in which the apostle beseeches Philemon to take back a runaway slave, Onesimus. The slave had come to Rome where Paul was being held prisoner, and there had been converted by Paul.
The Letter to Hebrews, an anonymous book, urges the Christian community not to fall back into Judaism and argues for Christian superiority.
The Letter of James, according to tradition written by the brother of our Lord, provides ethical instruction for all Jewish people who have become Christians. It is clear and practical in its dealing with Christian behavior.
The First Letter of Peter was probably written by the apostle Peter from Rome between 64 and 67 a.d. to Christians who had fled Asia Minor. It admonishes the pilgrims to have hope and courage and to trust in the power of God.
The Second Letter of Peter was written by an unknown Christian leader, perhaps a disciple of Peter's, in the middle of the second century. It warns of false teachers who had come into the early church and urges Christians to be brave and patient.
The Letters of John traditionally assigned to the writer of the Fourth Gospel and Revelation, testify that God is love and that love is the test of religion. Second John is written to "the elect lady and her children," probably a church; Third John is addressed to the beloved Gaius.
The Letter of Jude designates its author as "a servant of Jesus Christ and brother of James." Its message was for Christians wherever unity was threatened by heretical teaching and where Christian doctrinal and moral standards were questioned.
The Revelation to John, or The Apocalypse, is the only prophetic book in the N.T. Generally presumed to be written by John, one of the apostles of Christ, the book is addressed to the seven Christian churches in Asia Minor, whose members where being persecuted by Roman officials. The images and illusions of Revelation are difficult for us to understand today, but to the persecuted members of the seven churches John's message was clearly one of hope, courage, and faith in times of trouble; and that on the Lord's day the faithful would be greatly rewarded.
Friday, August 10, 2007
The Lord's Prayer
Our Father who art in heaven hallowed be thy name, thy kingdom come, thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread; and forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil, for thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory forever. Amen.
Doxology
This is the song also known as Praise God, from Whom All Blessings Flow (attr. to Louis Bourgeois, c. 1510-c. 1561)
Praise God, from whom all bless-ings flow; Praise him, all crea-tures here be-low; Praise him a-bove, ye heaven-ly host; Praise Fa-ther, Son, and Ho-ly Ghost. A-men.
Praise God, from whom all bless-ings flow; Praise him, all crea-tures here be-low; Praise him a-bove, ye heaven-ly host; Praise Fa-ther, Son, and Ho-ly Ghost. A-men.
"Glory Be to the Father"
This is the song also know as Gloria Patri (by Charles Meineke, 1782-1850)
Glo-ry be to the Fa-ther and to the Son and to the Ho-ly Ghost; As it was in the be-gin-ning, is now, and ev-er shall be, world with-out end. A-men, A-men.
Glo-ry be to the Fa-ther and to the Son and to the Ho-ly Ghost; As it was in the be-gin-ning, is now, and ev-er shall be, world with-out end. A-men, A-men.
"Affirmations of Faith"
The Apostles' Creed
Minister: Let us unite in this historic confession of the Christian faith:
Minister and People: I believe in God the Father Almighty, maker of heaven and earth;
And in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord: who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead, and buried; the third day he rose from the dead; he ascended into heaven, and sitteth at the right hand of God the Father Almighty; from thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen.
A Modern Affirmation
Minister: Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is the one true Church whose holy faith let us now declare:
Minister and People: We believe in God the Father, infinite in wisdom, power, and love, whose mercy is over all his works, and whose will is ever directed to his children's good.
We believe in Jesus Christ, Son of God and Son of man, the gift of the Father's unfailing grace, the ground of our hope, and the promise of our deliverance from sin and death.
We believe in the Holy Spirit as the divine presence in our lives, whereby we are kept in perpetual remembrance of the truth of Christ, and find strength and help in time of need.
We believe that this faith should manifest itself in the service of love set forth in the example of our blessed Lord, to the end that the kingdom of God may come upon the earth. Amen.
Minister: Let us unite in this historic confession of the Christian faith:
Minister and People: I believe in God the Father Almighty, maker of heaven and earth;
And in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord: who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead, and buried; the third day he rose from the dead; he ascended into heaven, and sitteth at the right hand of God the Father Almighty; from thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen.
A Modern Affirmation
Minister: Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is the one true Church whose holy faith let us now declare:
Minister and People: We believe in God the Father, infinite in wisdom, power, and love, whose mercy is over all his works, and whose will is ever directed to his children's good.
We believe in Jesus Christ, Son of God and Son of man, the gift of the Father's unfailing grace, the ground of our hope, and the promise of our deliverance from sin and death.
We believe in the Holy Spirit as the divine presence in our lives, whereby we are kept in perpetual remembrance of the truth of Christ, and find strength and help in time of need.
We believe that this faith should manifest itself in the service of love set forth in the example of our blessed Lord, to the end that the kingdom of God may come upon the earth. Amen.
"Memo from God"
To: YOU
Date: TODAY
From: THE BOSS
Subject: YOURSELF
Reference: LIFE
I am God.
Today I will be handling all your problems. Please remember that I do not need your help.
If life happens to deliver a situation to you that you cannot handle, do not attempt to resolve it. Kindly put it the SFGTD (something for God to do) box. All situations will be resolved, but in My time, not yours.
Once the matter is placed into the box, do not hold onto it by worrying about it. Instead, focus on all the wonderful things that are present in your life now.
If you find yourself stuck in traffic; don't despair. There are people in this world for whom driving is an unheard of privilege.
Should you have a bad day at work; think of the man who has been out of work for years.
Should you despair over a relationship gone bad; think of the person who has never know what it's like to love and be loved in return.
Should you grieve the passing of another weekend; think of the woman in dire straights, working twelve hours a day, seven days a week to feed her children.
Should your car break down, leaving you miles away from assistance; think of the paraplegic who would love the opportunity to take that walk.
Should you notice a new gray hair in the mirror; think of the cancer patient in chemo who wishes she had hair to examine.
Should you find yourself at a loss and pondering what life is all about, asking what is my purpose? Be thankful. There are those who didn't live long enough to get the opportunity.
Should you find yourself the victim of other people's bitterness, ignorance, smallness or insecurities; remember, things could be worse. You could be one of them!
Date: TODAY
From: THE BOSS
Subject: YOURSELF
Reference: LIFE
I am God.
Today I will be handling all your problems. Please remember that I do not need your help.
If life happens to deliver a situation to you that you cannot handle, do not attempt to resolve it. Kindly put it the SFGTD (something for God to do) box. All situations will be resolved, but in My time, not yours.
Once the matter is placed into the box, do not hold onto it by worrying about it. Instead, focus on all the wonderful things that are present in your life now.
If you find yourself stuck in traffic; don't despair. There are people in this world for whom driving is an unheard of privilege.
Should you have a bad day at work; think of the man who has been out of work for years.
Should you despair over a relationship gone bad; think of the person who has never know what it's like to love and be loved in return.
Should you grieve the passing of another weekend; think of the woman in dire straights, working twelve hours a day, seven days a week to feed her children.
Should your car break down, leaving you miles away from assistance; think of the paraplegic who would love the opportunity to take that walk.
Should you notice a new gray hair in the mirror; think of the cancer patient in chemo who wishes she had hair to examine.
Should you find yourself at a loss and pondering what life is all about, asking what is my purpose? Be thankful. There are those who didn't live long enough to get the opportunity.
Should you find yourself the victim of other people's bitterness, ignorance, smallness or insecurities; remember, things could be worse. You could be one of them!
Human Being Recall Notice
(this is pretty good...came across this 10/1/06):
Human Being Recall Notice
This notice applies to all human beings, no exceptions. Read carefully.
The Maker of all human beings is recalling all units manufactured, regardless of make or year, due to a serious defect in the primary and central component of the heart. This is due to a malfunction in the original prototype units, code named Adam and Eve, resulting in the reproduction of the same defect in all subsequent units.
This defect has been technically termed, "Sub-sequential Internal Non-morality," or more commonly known as "SIN".
Some Symptoms:
a. Loss of direction
b. Lack of peace and joy
c. Depression or confusion in the mental component
d. Foul vocal emissions
e. Selfish, violent behavior
f. Amnesia of origin
g. Fearfulness
h. Rebellion
i. Pride
To correct this SIN defect, the Manufacturer, who is neither liable nor at fault for this defect, is providing factory authorized repair and service free of charge. The Repair Technician, Jesus, has most generously offered to bear the entire burden of the staggering cost of these repairs.
There is no additional fee required.
The number to call for repair in all areas is: P-R-A-Y-E-R.
Once connected, please upload your burden of SIN through the REPENTANCE procedure. Next, download ATONEMENT from the Repair Technician, Jesus, into the heart component.
No matter how big or small the SIN defect is, Jesus will replace it with:
a. Love
b. Joy
c. Peace
d. Kindness
e. Goodness
f. Faithfulness
g. Gentleness
h. Patience
i. Self-control
Please see the operating manual, HOLY BIBLE, for further details on the use of these fixes. As an added upgrade, the Manufacturer has made available to all repaired units direct monitoring and assistance from the resident Maintenance Technician, the HOLY SPIRIT. Repaired units need only make Him welcome and He will take up residence on the premises.
WARNING: Continuing to operate the human being unit without making these corrections voids the Manufacturer's warranty, exposing the unit to many dangers and problems --- and will result in the human unit being permanently impounded.
For free emergency service, call on JESUS.
Thank you for your attention.
Human Being Recall Notice
This notice applies to all human beings, no exceptions. Read carefully.
The Maker of all human beings is recalling all units manufactured, regardless of make or year, due to a serious defect in the primary and central component of the heart. This is due to a malfunction in the original prototype units, code named Adam and Eve, resulting in the reproduction of the same defect in all subsequent units.
This defect has been technically termed, "Sub-sequential Internal Non-morality," or more commonly known as "SIN".
Some Symptoms:
a. Loss of direction
b. Lack of peace and joy
c. Depression or confusion in the mental component
d. Foul vocal emissions
e. Selfish, violent behavior
f. Amnesia of origin
g. Fearfulness
h. Rebellion
i. Pride
To correct this SIN defect, the Manufacturer, who is neither liable nor at fault for this defect, is providing factory authorized repair and service free of charge. The Repair Technician, Jesus, has most generously offered to bear the entire burden of the staggering cost of these repairs.
There is no additional fee required.
The number to call for repair in all areas is: P-R-A-Y-E-R.
Once connected, please upload your burden of SIN through the REPENTANCE procedure. Next, download ATONEMENT from the Repair Technician, Jesus, into the heart component.
No matter how big or small the SIN defect is, Jesus will replace it with:
a. Love
b. Joy
c. Peace
d. Kindness
e. Goodness
f. Faithfulness
g. Gentleness
h. Patience
i. Self-control
Please see the operating manual, HOLY BIBLE, for further details on the use of these fixes. As an added upgrade, the Manufacturer has made available to all repaired units direct monitoring and assistance from the resident Maintenance Technician, the HOLY SPIRIT. Repaired units need only make Him welcome and He will take up residence on the premises.
WARNING: Continuing to operate the human being unit without making these corrections voids the Manufacturer's warranty, exposing the unit to many dangers and problems --- and will result in the human unit being permanently impounded.
For free emergency service, call on JESUS.
Thank you for your attention.
Friday, August 03, 2007
c3 ABSTRACT REVISED
11.18.2004
The impact of architecture has had great influence upon humanity throughout the ages and it continues today. One of the few remaining building types today that allow the creative and artistic aspects of architecture to shine prominently is church design. Therefore, my thesis project is a place of worship: a complex for both worship and education.
Architectural issues to be researched and incorporated into the design of my Church and Christian Academy include castle architecture, sustainable design, and spirituality.
Sustainable design has been a growing trend in the United States – following in the footsteps of Europe. Benefits for incorporating green architecture may include reduced capital costs, reduced operating costs, health and productivity benefits, higher perceived value and quality, and staying ahead of regulations. Originally found predominantly in residential architecture, larger commercial buildings have even more potential for sustainability and recycling possibilities. I plan to incorporate these issues into my complex by using natural materials, methods and designs that will increase the efficiency of energy use and attempt to create a cyclical pattern of resources. My ideas for materials to be used are based on the original design of medieval castles: mainly stone – which I feel can be reconciled with a “modern” structure.
Castle construction theories can be important to sustainability due to its environmentally-friendly materials used and its extremely long lifespan of holding up to the elements (although initial costs may be significant). The high point for castles was between 900 and 1500 A.D. A castle’s original function was not for protection but for domination. The castle’s range of influence typically included a minimal twenty-five-mile radius. I intend my castle complex to be a dominant structure in the Detroit area and be an influential part of society as well as become inviting and alluring. Medieval castles were also personal – belonging to a king or baron; monasteries were built in the same style and construction. Religion and spirituality were important parts of people’s lives centuries ago, and have undergone many changes throughout the years.
As a way to attract people to the complex, and even more important – to learn about Christianity, the spirituality of the facility will be a major focus. The concept would be to draw on people’s curiosity, but not to intimidate anyone. It is the architect’s role, along with the pastor and building committee (forming the troika), to create an edifice that combines a sense of majesty and transcendence of God with sensitivity to the human body and spirit. I specifically chose to make the complex associated with The Wesleyan Church because that is the denomination of which I am a member.
For the site of my complex, I investigated Michigan’s Renaissance Zones. One of the nine sub-zones is a 67.8-acre area in Detroit’s “Central City.” I have chosen an area of approximately 8.58 acres nearest the northwest interchange of interstates I-75 and I-94. This location allows the reuse of existing land in the city of Detroit and is important to my complex in that it is a highly visible location next to two major highways. The preparation of this site may include some demolition of an existing abandoned building that is in very poor condition.
Essential key words, or drivers used to describe aspects of my project include the following: community, protection, draw together, shelter, sanctuary, welcoming, castle, influential, sustainability, longevity, highly-visible, monumental, massive, spiritual, majestic, and beacon.
The impact of architecture has had great influence upon humanity throughout the ages and it continues today. One of the few remaining building types today that allow the creative and artistic aspects of architecture to shine prominently is church design. Therefore, my thesis project is a place of worship: a complex for both worship and education.
Architectural issues to be researched and incorporated into the design of my Church and Christian Academy include castle architecture, sustainable design, and spirituality.
Sustainable design has been a growing trend in the United States – following in the footsteps of Europe. Benefits for incorporating green architecture may include reduced capital costs, reduced operating costs, health and productivity benefits, higher perceived value and quality, and staying ahead of regulations. Originally found predominantly in residential architecture, larger commercial buildings have even more potential for sustainability and recycling possibilities. I plan to incorporate these issues into my complex by using natural materials, methods and designs that will increase the efficiency of energy use and attempt to create a cyclical pattern of resources. My ideas for materials to be used are based on the original design of medieval castles: mainly stone – which I feel can be reconciled with a “modern” structure.
Castle construction theories can be important to sustainability due to its environmentally-friendly materials used and its extremely long lifespan of holding up to the elements (although initial costs may be significant). The high point for castles was between 900 and 1500 A.D. A castle’s original function was not for protection but for domination. The castle’s range of influence typically included a minimal twenty-five-mile radius. I intend my castle complex to be a dominant structure in the Detroit area and be an influential part of society as well as become inviting and alluring. Medieval castles were also personal – belonging to a king or baron; monasteries were built in the same style and construction. Religion and spirituality were important parts of people’s lives centuries ago, and have undergone many changes throughout the years.
As a way to attract people to the complex, and even more important – to learn about Christianity, the spirituality of the facility will be a major focus. The concept would be to draw on people’s curiosity, but not to intimidate anyone. It is the architect’s role, along with the pastor and building committee (forming the troika), to create an edifice that combines a sense of majesty and transcendence of God with sensitivity to the human body and spirit. I specifically chose to make the complex associated with The Wesleyan Church because that is the denomination of which I am a member.
For the site of my complex, I investigated Michigan’s Renaissance Zones. One of the nine sub-zones is a 67.8-acre area in Detroit’s “Central City.” I have chosen an area of approximately 8.58 acres nearest the northwest interchange of interstates I-75 and I-94. This location allows the reuse of existing land in the city of Detroit and is important to my complex in that it is a highly visible location next to two major highways. The preparation of this site may include some demolition of an existing abandoned building that is in very poor condition.
Essential key words, or drivers used to describe aspects of my project include the following: community, protection, draw together, shelter, sanctuary, welcoming, castle, influential, sustainability, longevity, highly-visible, monumental, massive, spiritual, majestic, and beacon.
c3 PROGRAM REVISED AGAIN
9/30/04
“Central City Castle” – Proposed Program Outline
RICH HAMMING – THESIS I – LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY – FALL 2004
Proposed Site: 8.58 acres (373,744.8 s.f.)
Proposed Church & Christian Academy: 130,000 s.f.
Proposed parking area: 104,544 s.f.
1. EDUCATIONAL SPACES [44,900 S.F.]
a. (46) Classrooms at 800 s.f. each (average) = 36,800 s.f.
b. (5) other rooms (Art, Music, Wood Shop, Home Econ., Drafting) = 7,000 sf
2. MEDIA CENTER (including space for stacks, small conference room, group project room, professional library/production room, materials storage, equipment storage, and administration) [7,000 S.F.]
3. RECREATIONAL AREA [14,000 S.F.]
a. Gymnasium/assembly space with bleachers = 12,000 s.f.
b. Locker rooms for boys, girls, and faculty = 2,000 s.f.
4. FOOD SERVICE [6,400 S.F.]
a. Seating for (250) students = 3,750 s.f.
b. Kitchen = 1,550 s.f.
c. Serving area = 800 s.f.
d. Kitchen storage = 300 s.f.
5. ADMINISTRATION (including offices for Principal, school secretary, counselors, guidance, speech correction, Pastor, associate pastors, director of Christian Education, Church School Superintendent, church secretary, treasurer, choir director, etc.; storage, work rooms, lounge, clinic, kitchenette, reception, toilet rooms) [6,000 S.F.]
K-5 Elementary School Christian Academy for 500 students/60 teaching staff:
Classrooms: [36,800 sf]
o (2) Kindergarten Rooms [4 half-day sessions]; (2) teachers and (2) assistants
o (2) Kindergarten Rooms: 25x32=800 sf each = 1,600 sf (including shared toilet room)
o (40) Kindergarten students
o (20) Elementary Classrooms [1st thru 5th grades]; (20) teachers and (5) assistants
o (20) Elementary Classrooms: 25x32=800 sf each = 16,000 sf
o (40) First grade students
o (40) Second grade students
o (40) Third grade students
o (40) Fourth grade students
o (40) Fifth grade students
o (12) Middle School Classrooms [6th thru 8th grades]; (12) teachers and (3) assistants
o (12) Middle School Classrooms: 25x28=700 sf each = 8,400 sf
o (40) Sixth grade students
o (40) Seventh grade students
o (40) Eighth grade students
o (12) High School Classrooms [9th thru 12th grades]; (12) teachers and (4) assistants
o (12) High School Classrooms: 25x36=900 sf each = 10,800 sf
o (35) Ninth grade students
o (35) Tenth grade students
o (35) Eleventh grade students
o (35) Twelfth grade students
o K-3 (750 sf each and 25 sf/child – 24/class maximum)
• K-5 in Elementary (math, language arts, social studies, science)
o 4-8 (660 sf each)
• 6-8 in Middle (English, math, social studies, general science, physical education, health, industrial arts, home economics, arts and crafts, and vocal music)
• Electives: speech, foreign languages, typing, instrumental music and student activities
o 9-12 (600 sf each)
o Ideal ratio for Elementary schools:18-20 classes = 450-550 students
o Ideal size for Middle and High schools: 600-900 students
Should provide 100 sf minimum for STORAGE per classroom [4,600 sf]
Outdoor spaces:
o Garden, which is un-shaded open ground
o Landscaping and plantings for all seasons
o Large-movement area, entirely sun-shaded but open to the elements (for ride-on toys, etc.)
o Play equipment
o Space to run
o Ride-on toys
o Sheltered area, sun-shaded and rain-protected (with sandboxes, etc.)
o Sandboxes and outdoor equipment not involving large scale movement
o Separate play area for Kindergarten children ideal
Community Hall:
o For sports or gatherings (200 minimum)
o Main hall
o Toy library
o Kinder-gym storage
o Chair storage
o Changing rooms
o Reception area
o Kitchen
Community Room for Elementary School: 600 sf + 200 sf storage
Corridors
o Consider lockers in Elementary for health reasons (such as head lice)
o Cannot hang coats in corridor due to fire regulations
o 8 ft minimum width
Toilet Rooms
o K-5 within wing of classes
o Elementary: 20 students/class – adjacent may share self-contained Boys and Girls toilet rooms
o 6-8 closer than 9-12
o 9-12 adequate for that floor
Stairs & Elevators
Art:
o Elementary (1500 sf instructional; 350 sf storage/work area/cabinets; 150 sf kiln room = 2000 sf)
• Storage area for art supplies
• Adequate ventilation is required due to various fumes
• Provide 110 and 220 volt outlets
• Provide emergency shut-off switch
• Provide wash-up sinks with traps that can accommodate large amounts of plastics
• Provide project storage lockers minimum 12 x 18 x 12 inches
• Pottery tables to have concrete tops
• Shelving to accommodate bulky supplies including large rolls of paper
• Provide abundant tackboard space
• Display cases with visibility from Corridor side: 12-18 inches deep
• Provide directional/track lighting
• Separate room for stainless steel pug mill and kiln with direct exhaust ventilation
• Provide safety devices: fire blanket, fire extinguisher, safety goggles, eye wash station, emergency first aid station over each sink
• Floor to be unsealed/un-waxed concrete
• Exposed structure above to hang projects
• Windows to be high to provide tack boards below
• Work tables to butcher block that can be refinished (2 students/table)
• 1 table to have chemistry top
• Small library area
• Provide compressed air into room
• Metal cabinet for solvents
• Possible equipment: jewelry tables, pottery wheels, printing press, dark room
• Provide a platform for models
o Middle School (1820 sf)
o High School (2370 sf)
Music:
o Elementary (1000 sf)
o Middle School (1400 Instrument / 1200 Choral / 1400 Combined)
o High School (1800 Instrument / 1500 Choral / 1600 Combined)
o 400 cubic feet per student (high ceiling)
o Can use acoustical treatment on walls and ceiling, carpet on floor and non-parallel walls to achieve desired acoustics
o Provide sink with hot and cold water
o Provide humidity control
o Recommend area in Elementary be 1300 sf
Science:
o Middle School (1000 sf)
o High School (900 Lab / 1000 Classroom-Lab)
Wood Shop (M/H)
Home Economics / Basic Home Management (M/H): sewing laboratory station and foods laboratory station
Drafting (M/H)
Computer Rooms (or part of homerooms or room in Library)
Foreign Languages
Library / Media Center / Learning Resource Center / Instructional Materials Center / Information Resource Center / Instructional Media Center (1900-8850 sf)
o For 265 students: 3510 sf
o For 565 students: 5010 sf
o Browsing and stack area (10% of enrollment x 40 sf/student) = 1060 sf / 2260 sf
o Conference Room 150 sf
o Group Projects (instructional) 500 sf / 600 sf
o Professional Library and Production Room for Teachers and Students 400 sf
o Processing Workroom 200 sf
o Materials Storage 500 sf / 600 sf
o Equipment Storage (A.V.) 400 sf / 500 sf
o Administration space 300 sf
Theater (1500 sf)
Gymnasium/Assembly space: (30 students to 1 teacher ratio)
o Elementary (5000 sf) [4000 sf minimum + 400 sf storage]
o Middle School (16000 sf)
o High School (22000 sf)
o Recreation Area for Church use:
• 70 x 120 ft (8400 sf)
• Basketball court (ceiling: 20-25 ft;
• Game Room (24 x 30 to 40 x 60)
• Group Meeting Rooms w/ tables and chairs (24 sf/person)
o Direct storage
o Showers, dressing, and locker rooms
• Separate locker/shower room for adults 600 sf
o Balcony level over locker rooms, etc. can provide for other floor activities and extra bleachers for good observation of main floor
Food Service
o Elementary kitchen 600 sf minimum + 200 sf storage [1600 sf for Kitchen and support areas]
o Elementary cafeteria to have 300 sf storage
o Cafeteria/Assembly space: all-day students/3.15 x 10
o Provide adjacent storage for cafeteria
o For 500 students: 210 seats, 1650 sf Kitchen space, 800 sf serving space, and 2 service counters
Administration: [20 staff/6,000 sf]
o 1 full-time administrator per each 500 students and 25 instructors
o Reception [1]
o Principal’s Office [2]
o Counseling/Guidance (Reception and Office) [3]
o Speech Correction [1]
o Storage for school records
o Storage for supplies
o Clinic [3]
o Teachers’ Work Rooms
o Toilets
o Pastor’s study (250-325 sf) [3]
o Director of Christian Education [1]
o Church School Superintendent [1]
o Staff offices (150-200 sf each): Secretary, Treasurer, Choir Director [5]
o Other needs: reception, work rooms, storage/closets, lounge, kitchenette, copier
Child Care Center
o 35 sf per child
o Rooms must have direct access to outdoors
o Program Director Office
o Staff/Volunteers’ Lounge
o Equipment for:
• Large muscle
• Small muscle
• Art
• Music
• Literature
• Sensory exploration
• Social interaction and dramatic play
• Discovery (structuring and restructuring)
• Rest (for children attending over 5 hours)
o Indoor Activity Space
o Outdoor Activity Space (minimum 2000 sf or 75 sf /child)
Example Space Allocations for Elementary Schools with 360 students {565}:
o Administration (1200 sf)
o Staff Room (500 sf)
o Kindergarten Room (1500 sf) {2 x 1500 = 3000 sf}
o General Classrooms (12 x 900 sf = 10,800 sf) {18 x 900 = 16,200 sf}
o Academic Support Center for Special Education [L.D. Room and 3 Specialist offices] (1800 sf)
o Art Room (1200 sf)
o Music Room (1000 sf)
o Library/Media Center (2700 sf) {3600 sf}
o Small Gymnasium (4000 sf)
o Cafetorium/Community Room with Stage (2400 sf)
o Serving Kitchen (600 sf)
o Area for Teaching Stations and Administration (27,700 sf) {35,500 sf}
o Storage and Toilets (3,500 sf) {5,000 sf}
o Area for Circulation, Heating, and Custodians [35%] (9,695 sf) {12,425 sf}
o Total: 40, 895 sf [114 sf/student] {53,925 total at 95 sf/student}
Sanctuary (up to 300: 17 sf/person; over 300: 13 sf/person) churchplansforless.com [1,200 people/18,000 sf]
o 36-38 inch row spacing
o 18 inches/person in pews
o Maximum 24 persons/row
o 7 sf/person for non-fixed seating
o Example: 500 seat auditorium = 750 lf of pews (actual capacity is 80%: 400) [1,200/80%=1,500 seats]
o Chair widths: 21-22 inches
o Barrier Free seating:
• 4-25 capacity = 1 space
• 26-50 = 2
• 51-300 = 4
• 301-500 = 6
• 500+ = 6, plus 1 for each increase of 100 [13 accessible seats]
o Center aisle width 5-6 ft
o Side aisle width 4 ft
o Balcony?:
• Layout based on site lines – rear location is best
• Capacity to be less than 50% of main level
• Riser depth 3 ft
• Cross aisles 4 ft minimum
o Expansion space for large attendance times (possibly from Narthex)
o Possibly use “multiform” plan type time-saver standards for building types 4th edition
o Air-conditioning!
o Use of natural light and artificial light
o Allow 12 sf per seat (including platform, sacristy, vestry and vestibule) = 18,000 sf
o Allow 8 sf per person if only seating area plus aisles
o Altar: 48-96 inches long x 28-48 inches wide x 40 inches high
Chancel: [6,000 sf]
o Choir Area: churchplansforless.com
• Minimum 10-12% of Sanctuary capacity [150 seats min.]
• Maximum 35% for large churches [525 seats max.]
• Choir rows to be 36-42 inches
• Movable chairs at 24 inches width per person and 36 inches back to back
• Planned choir capacity: 300 seats
• 12 sf per seat = 3,600 sf
o Platform: churchplansforless.com [not including Choir area = 2,400 sf]
• 7-15 feet minimum front to back
• 10-12 feet clear to front row
• 6 inches above main floor
o Altar/communion rail: 36 inches a.f.f. maximum with 6-8 inch broad top
o Organ and piano
o Band area
o Projection screen(s)
Vestry: Pastor robing room with connected private toilet room (adjacent to Chancel)
Baptistry Area:
o Inside dimensions: 4 x 7 ft minimum
o Water depth: 42-44 inches
o Baptistry floor approximately 39 inches above last choir row
Robing Rooms
Toilet Rooms
Media Control
Bride’s Room and Toilet: near rear of Sanctuary
Cry Room (adjacent to Sanctuary)
Usher
Coat Rooms adjacent to Lobby
Choir Rehearsal Room and Robing Rooms: near Sanctuary
Fellowship Hall:
o Dining capacity: 50% of Sanctuary seating capacity
o 15 sf / person for table seating
o Multi-purpose space that can be divided into classrooms by movable partitions
Kitchen:
o Commercial grade, stainless steel equipment
o Locate cooking line on exterior wall for hood exhaust
o Alternative “warming kitchen” to have 2 residential dishwashers, 2 microwaves, and 2 ranges
Storage
Janitor’s Closet
o 1 per every 10,000 sf of building
o No building area farther than 150 ft
M/E spaces
Bookstore?
Educational Facilities: [except for Nursery and Adult classes…use Academy Classrooms] = 7,350 sf
o 45-55 sf per person [50]
o Nursery (infants, toddlers, crib room, toilet):
• 35 sf per child
• 12 x 18 ft minimum each room
• Windowsills minimum 24 inches a.f.f.
• Provide tack boards from 14-48 inches a.f.f.
• Separate infant and toddler rooms
• Infants (Crib Room) Nursery I (birth to 18 mos): maximum 8-10 cribs/bassinets per room (at 3 ft intervals), changing tables [10 children x 50 sf = 500 sf]
• Toddlers Nursery II (18-35 mos): maximum 8 children per room, adjoining toilet room with junior fixtures (toilets 10 inches and sinks 24 inches a.f.f.) [10 children x 50 sf = 500 sf]
• Two-year-olds Nursery III (age 3): maximum 15 children per room, adjoining toilet room…see above [15 children x 50 sf = 750 sf]
• Three-year-olds: 15 children x 50 sf = 750 sf
• Four-year-olds: (2) Classrooms / 25 children x 50 sf = 1,250 sf
o Children’s classes (see under School above)
• Kindergarten I (age 4): 35 sf / child – up to 20 children per room
• Kindergarten II (age 5): 35 sf / child – up to 20 children per room
• Kindergarten tack boards from 24-54 inches a.f.f.
• 1st grade (age 6) / 2nd grade (age 7) / 3rd grade (age 8): 30 sf / child – up to 25 children per room
• same for 4th, 5th and 6th grades
• Provide a larger assembly space = Fellowship Hall
o Youth and Adult classes (12-15 sf per person):
• Middle School: 60-100 children in groups of 15-20
• High School: 50-90 children in groups of 20
• College Group: up to 50 [30 x 15 sf = 450 sf]
• Young Adults (age 24-35): 25 max per room, 10 sf per person [(2) Classrooms / 60 people x 15 sf = 900 sf]
• Adults (35-64) – on first floor [(4) Classrooms / 120 people x 15 sf = 1,800 sf]
• Older adults (65 +) – on first floor [30 x 15 sf = 450 sf]
• Family Counseling
o Boy Scouts/Girl Scouts/Brownies/?
Chapel
Children’s Chapel (use Fellowship Hall)
Vestibule/Lobby/Narthex: [4,500 sf]
o 2-3 sf per seat in Sanctuary [1500 x 3 = 4,500 sf]
o For LOBBY into Fellowship Hall or Sunday School spaces: 20-27% of Sanctuary space [25% of 18,000 sf = 4,500 sf]
o Visitor Center area
Welcome Room/Church Parlor with fireplace: 30 x 60 = 1,800 sf
Parking:
1 space for each 6 seats in the Sanctuary (1 for each 3 according to churchplansforless.com) [1500/3=500 spaces]
1 space for each 2 employees of Child Care Center
3 spaces for each 2 classrooms OR 1 space for each 4 seats in Auditorium [Elementary]
3 spaces for each 2 classrooms OR 1 space for each 3 seats in Auditorium [Middle School]
5 spaces for each classroom OR 1 space for each 2 seats in Auditorium [High School]
Parking spaces: 9 ft X 20 ft
Parking lot aisle width: 20 ft
124 cars / acre
Site/areas:
Elementary (suggested 10 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…from site planning standards 1978 (typical all 3 schools)
Middle School (suggested 20 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…
High School (suggested 30 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…
Available current site (2 areas): 13.5 acres: 8.58 acres
Building area per student: ohio school design manual by the ohio school facilities commission
o Elementary (National Average 114.4 sf) [240 x 120 = 28,800 sf] [240 x 115 = 27,600 sf]
o Middle School (National Average 136.7 sf) [120 x 140 = 16,800 sf] [120 x 137 = 16,440 sf]
o High School (National Average 154.2 sf) [140 x 160 = 22,400 sf] [140 x 155 = 21,700 sf]
o Total 68,000 sf 65,740 sf
o 66,000 sf
Church site ideal sizes:
o Rural (200 people/acre) [13.5 x 200 = 2700]
o Suburban (150 people/acre) [13.5 x 150 = 2025]
o Urban (75-100 people/acre) [13.5 x 75 = 1012; 13.5 x 100 = 1350]
“Central City Castle” – Proposed Program Outline
RICH HAMMING – THESIS I – LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY – FALL 2004
Proposed Site: 8.58 acres (373,744.8 s.f.)
Proposed Church & Christian Academy: 130,000 s.f.
Proposed parking area: 104,544 s.f.
1. EDUCATIONAL SPACES [44,900 S.F.]
a. (46) Classrooms at 800 s.f. each (average) = 36,800 s.f.
b. (5) other rooms (Art, Music, Wood Shop, Home Econ., Drafting) = 7,000 sf
2. MEDIA CENTER (including space for stacks, small conference room, group project room, professional library/production room, materials storage, equipment storage, and administration) [7,000 S.F.]
3. RECREATIONAL AREA [14,000 S.F.]
a. Gymnasium/assembly space with bleachers = 12,000 s.f.
b. Locker rooms for boys, girls, and faculty = 2,000 s.f.
4. FOOD SERVICE [6,400 S.F.]
a. Seating for (250) students = 3,750 s.f.
b. Kitchen = 1,550 s.f.
c. Serving area = 800 s.f.
d. Kitchen storage = 300 s.f.
5. ADMINISTRATION (including offices for Principal, school secretary, counselors, guidance, speech correction, Pastor, associate pastors, director of Christian Education, Church School Superintendent, church secretary, treasurer, choir director, etc.; storage, work rooms, lounge, clinic, kitchenette, reception, toilet rooms) [6,000 S.F.]
K-5 Elementary School Christian Academy for 500 students/60 teaching staff:
Classrooms: [36,800 sf]
o (2) Kindergarten Rooms [4 half-day sessions]; (2) teachers and (2) assistants
o (2) Kindergarten Rooms: 25x32=800 sf each = 1,600 sf (including shared toilet room)
o (40) Kindergarten students
o (20) Elementary Classrooms [1st thru 5th grades]; (20) teachers and (5) assistants
o (20) Elementary Classrooms: 25x32=800 sf each = 16,000 sf
o (40) First grade students
o (40) Second grade students
o (40) Third grade students
o (40) Fourth grade students
o (40) Fifth grade students
o (12) Middle School Classrooms [6th thru 8th grades]; (12) teachers and (3) assistants
o (12) Middle School Classrooms: 25x28=700 sf each = 8,400 sf
o (40) Sixth grade students
o (40) Seventh grade students
o (40) Eighth grade students
o (12) High School Classrooms [9th thru 12th grades]; (12) teachers and (4) assistants
o (12) High School Classrooms: 25x36=900 sf each = 10,800 sf
o (35) Ninth grade students
o (35) Tenth grade students
o (35) Eleventh grade students
o (35) Twelfth grade students
o K-3 (750 sf each and 25 sf/child – 24/class maximum)
• K-5 in Elementary (math, language arts, social studies, science)
o 4-8 (660 sf each)
• 6-8 in Middle (English, math, social studies, general science, physical education, health, industrial arts, home economics, arts and crafts, and vocal music)
• Electives: speech, foreign languages, typing, instrumental music and student activities
o 9-12 (600 sf each)
o Ideal ratio for Elementary schools:18-20 classes = 450-550 students
o Ideal size for Middle and High schools: 600-900 students
Should provide 100 sf minimum for STORAGE per classroom [4,600 sf]
Outdoor spaces:
o Garden, which is un-shaded open ground
o Landscaping and plantings for all seasons
o Large-movement area, entirely sun-shaded but open to the elements (for ride-on toys, etc.)
o Play equipment
o Space to run
o Ride-on toys
o Sheltered area, sun-shaded and rain-protected (with sandboxes, etc.)
o Sandboxes and outdoor equipment not involving large scale movement
o Separate play area for Kindergarten children ideal
Community Hall:
o For sports or gatherings (200 minimum)
o Main hall
o Toy library
o Kinder-gym storage
o Chair storage
o Changing rooms
o Reception area
o Kitchen
Community Room for Elementary School: 600 sf + 200 sf storage
Corridors
o Consider lockers in Elementary for health reasons (such as head lice)
o Cannot hang coats in corridor due to fire regulations
o 8 ft minimum width
Toilet Rooms
o K-5 within wing of classes
o Elementary: 20 students/class – adjacent may share self-contained Boys and Girls toilet rooms
o 6-8 closer than 9-12
o 9-12 adequate for that floor
Stairs & Elevators
Art:
o Elementary (1500 sf instructional; 350 sf storage/work area/cabinets; 150 sf kiln room = 2000 sf)
• Storage area for art supplies
• Adequate ventilation is required due to various fumes
• Provide 110 and 220 volt outlets
• Provide emergency shut-off switch
• Provide wash-up sinks with traps that can accommodate large amounts of plastics
• Provide project storage lockers minimum 12 x 18 x 12 inches
• Pottery tables to have concrete tops
• Shelving to accommodate bulky supplies including large rolls of paper
• Provide abundant tackboard space
• Display cases with visibility from Corridor side: 12-18 inches deep
• Provide directional/track lighting
• Separate room for stainless steel pug mill and kiln with direct exhaust ventilation
• Provide safety devices: fire blanket, fire extinguisher, safety goggles, eye wash station, emergency first aid station over each sink
• Floor to be unsealed/un-waxed concrete
• Exposed structure above to hang projects
• Windows to be high to provide tack boards below
• Work tables to butcher block that can be refinished (2 students/table)
• 1 table to have chemistry top
• Small library area
• Provide compressed air into room
• Metal cabinet for solvents
• Possible equipment: jewelry tables, pottery wheels, printing press, dark room
• Provide a platform for models
o Middle School (1820 sf)
o High School (2370 sf)
Music:
o Elementary (1000 sf)
o Middle School (1400 Instrument / 1200 Choral / 1400 Combined)
o High School (1800 Instrument / 1500 Choral / 1600 Combined)
o 400 cubic feet per student (high ceiling)
o Can use acoustical treatment on walls and ceiling, carpet on floor and non-parallel walls to achieve desired acoustics
o Provide sink with hot and cold water
o Provide humidity control
o Recommend area in Elementary be 1300 sf
Science:
o Middle School (1000 sf)
o High School (900 Lab / 1000 Classroom-Lab)
Wood Shop (M/H)
Home Economics / Basic Home Management (M/H): sewing laboratory station and foods laboratory station
Drafting (M/H)
Computer Rooms (or part of homerooms or room in Library)
Foreign Languages
Library / Media Center / Learning Resource Center / Instructional Materials Center / Information Resource Center / Instructional Media Center (1900-8850 sf)
o For 265 students: 3510 sf
o For 565 students: 5010 sf
o Browsing and stack area (10% of enrollment x 40 sf/student) = 1060 sf / 2260 sf
o Conference Room 150 sf
o Group Projects (instructional) 500 sf / 600 sf
o Professional Library and Production Room for Teachers and Students 400 sf
o Processing Workroom 200 sf
o Materials Storage 500 sf / 600 sf
o Equipment Storage (A.V.) 400 sf / 500 sf
o Administration space 300 sf
Theater (1500 sf)
Gymnasium/Assembly space: (30 students to 1 teacher ratio)
o Elementary (5000 sf) [4000 sf minimum + 400 sf storage]
o Middle School (16000 sf)
o High School (22000 sf)
o Recreation Area for Church use:
• 70 x 120 ft (8400 sf)
• Basketball court (ceiling: 20-25 ft;
• Game Room (24 x 30 to 40 x 60)
• Group Meeting Rooms w/ tables and chairs (24 sf/person)
o Direct storage
o Showers, dressing, and locker rooms
• Separate locker/shower room for adults 600 sf
o Balcony level over locker rooms, etc. can provide for other floor activities and extra bleachers for good observation of main floor
Food Service
o Elementary kitchen 600 sf minimum + 200 sf storage [1600 sf for Kitchen and support areas]
o Elementary cafeteria to have 300 sf storage
o Cafeteria/Assembly space: all-day students/3.15 x 10
o Provide adjacent storage for cafeteria
o For 500 students: 210 seats, 1650 sf Kitchen space, 800 sf serving space, and 2 service counters
Administration: [20 staff/6,000 sf]
o 1 full-time administrator per each 500 students and 25 instructors
o Reception [1]
o Principal’s Office [2]
o Counseling/Guidance (Reception and Office) [3]
o Speech Correction [1]
o Storage for school records
o Storage for supplies
o Clinic [3]
o Teachers’ Work Rooms
o Toilets
o Pastor’s study (250-325 sf) [3]
o Director of Christian Education [1]
o Church School Superintendent [1]
o Staff offices (150-200 sf each): Secretary, Treasurer, Choir Director [5]
o Other needs: reception, work rooms, storage/closets, lounge, kitchenette, copier
Child Care Center
o 35 sf per child
o Rooms must have direct access to outdoors
o Program Director Office
o Staff/Volunteers’ Lounge
o Equipment for:
• Large muscle
• Small muscle
• Art
• Music
• Literature
• Sensory exploration
• Social interaction and dramatic play
• Discovery (structuring and restructuring)
• Rest (for children attending over 5 hours)
o Indoor Activity Space
o Outdoor Activity Space (minimum 2000 sf or 75 sf /child)
Example Space Allocations for Elementary Schools with 360 students {565}:
o Administration (1200 sf)
o Staff Room (500 sf)
o Kindergarten Room (1500 sf) {2 x 1500 = 3000 sf}
o General Classrooms (12 x 900 sf = 10,800 sf) {18 x 900 = 16,200 sf}
o Academic Support Center for Special Education [L.D. Room and 3 Specialist offices] (1800 sf)
o Art Room (1200 sf)
o Music Room (1000 sf)
o Library/Media Center (2700 sf) {3600 sf}
o Small Gymnasium (4000 sf)
o Cafetorium/Community Room with Stage (2400 sf)
o Serving Kitchen (600 sf)
o Area for Teaching Stations and Administration (27,700 sf) {35,500 sf}
o Storage and Toilets (3,500 sf) {5,000 sf}
o Area for Circulation, Heating, and Custodians [35%] (9,695 sf) {12,425 sf}
o Total: 40, 895 sf [114 sf/student] {53,925 total at 95 sf/student}
Sanctuary (up to 300: 17 sf/person; over 300: 13 sf/person) churchplansforless.com [1,200 people/18,000 sf]
o 36-38 inch row spacing
o 18 inches/person in pews
o Maximum 24 persons/row
o 7 sf/person for non-fixed seating
o Example: 500 seat auditorium = 750 lf of pews (actual capacity is 80%: 400) [1,200/80%=1,500 seats]
o Chair widths: 21-22 inches
o Barrier Free seating:
• 4-25 capacity = 1 space
• 26-50 = 2
• 51-300 = 4
• 301-500 = 6
• 500+ = 6, plus 1 for each increase of 100 [13 accessible seats]
o Center aisle width 5-6 ft
o Side aisle width 4 ft
o Balcony?:
• Layout based on site lines – rear location is best
• Capacity to be less than 50% of main level
• Riser depth 3 ft
• Cross aisles 4 ft minimum
o Expansion space for large attendance times (possibly from Narthex)
o Possibly use “multiform” plan type time-saver standards for building types 4th edition
o Air-conditioning!
o Use of natural light and artificial light
o Allow 12 sf per seat (including platform, sacristy, vestry and vestibule) = 18,000 sf
o Allow 8 sf per person if only seating area plus aisles
o Altar: 48-96 inches long x 28-48 inches wide x 40 inches high
Chancel: [6,000 sf]
o Choir Area: churchplansforless.com
• Minimum 10-12% of Sanctuary capacity [150 seats min.]
• Maximum 35% for large churches [525 seats max.]
• Choir rows to be 36-42 inches
• Movable chairs at 24 inches width per person and 36 inches back to back
• Planned choir capacity: 300 seats
• 12 sf per seat = 3,600 sf
o Platform: churchplansforless.com [not including Choir area = 2,400 sf]
• 7-15 feet minimum front to back
• 10-12 feet clear to front row
• 6 inches above main floor
o Altar/communion rail: 36 inches a.f.f. maximum with 6-8 inch broad top
o Organ and piano
o Band area
o Projection screen(s)
Vestry: Pastor robing room with connected private toilet room (adjacent to Chancel)
Baptistry Area:
o Inside dimensions: 4 x 7 ft minimum
o Water depth: 42-44 inches
o Baptistry floor approximately 39 inches above last choir row
Robing Rooms
Toilet Rooms
Media Control
Bride’s Room and Toilet: near rear of Sanctuary
Cry Room (adjacent to Sanctuary)
Usher
Coat Rooms adjacent to Lobby
Choir Rehearsal Room and Robing Rooms: near Sanctuary
Fellowship Hall:
o Dining capacity: 50% of Sanctuary seating capacity
o 15 sf / person for table seating
o Multi-purpose space that can be divided into classrooms by movable partitions
Kitchen:
o Commercial grade, stainless steel equipment
o Locate cooking line on exterior wall for hood exhaust
o Alternative “warming kitchen” to have 2 residential dishwashers, 2 microwaves, and 2 ranges
Storage
Janitor’s Closet
o 1 per every 10,000 sf of building
o No building area farther than 150 ft
M/E spaces
Bookstore?
Educational Facilities: [except for Nursery and Adult classes…use Academy Classrooms] = 7,350 sf
o 45-55 sf per person [50]
o Nursery (infants, toddlers, crib room, toilet):
• 35 sf per child
• 12 x 18 ft minimum each room
• Windowsills minimum 24 inches a.f.f.
• Provide tack boards from 14-48 inches a.f.f.
• Separate infant and toddler rooms
• Infants (Crib Room) Nursery I (birth to 18 mos): maximum 8-10 cribs/bassinets per room (at 3 ft intervals), changing tables [10 children x 50 sf = 500 sf]
• Toddlers Nursery II (18-35 mos): maximum 8 children per room, adjoining toilet room with junior fixtures (toilets 10 inches and sinks 24 inches a.f.f.) [10 children x 50 sf = 500 sf]
• Two-year-olds Nursery III (age 3): maximum 15 children per room, adjoining toilet room…see above [15 children x 50 sf = 750 sf]
• Three-year-olds: 15 children x 50 sf = 750 sf
• Four-year-olds: (2) Classrooms / 25 children x 50 sf = 1,250 sf
o Children’s classes (see under School above)
• Kindergarten I (age 4): 35 sf / child – up to 20 children per room
• Kindergarten II (age 5): 35 sf / child – up to 20 children per room
• Kindergarten tack boards from 24-54 inches a.f.f.
• 1st grade (age 6) / 2nd grade (age 7) / 3rd grade (age 8): 30 sf / child – up to 25 children per room
• same for 4th, 5th and 6th grades
• Provide a larger assembly space = Fellowship Hall
o Youth and Adult classes (12-15 sf per person):
• Middle School: 60-100 children in groups of 15-20
• High School: 50-90 children in groups of 20
• College Group: up to 50 [30 x 15 sf = 450 sf]
• Young Adults (age 24-35): 25 max per room, 10 sf per person [(2) Classrooms / 60 people x 15 sf = 900 sf]
• Adults (35-64) – on first floor [(4) Classrooms / 120 people x 15 sf = 1,800 sf]
• Older adults (65 +) – on first floor [30 x 15 sf = 450 sf]
• Family Counseling
o Boy Scouts/Girl Scouts/Brownies/?
Chapel
Children’s Chapel (use Fellowship Hall)
Vestibule/Lobby/Narthex: [4,500 sf]
o 2-3 sf per seat in Sanctuary [1500 x 3 = 4,500 sf]
o For LOBBY into Fellowship Hall or Sunday School spaces: 20-27% of Sanctuary space [25% of 18,000 sf = 4,500 sf]
o Visitor Center area
Welcome Room/Church Parlor with fireplace: 30 x 60 = 1,800 sf
Parking:
1 space for each 6 seats in the Sanctuary (1 for each 3 according to churchplansforless.com) [1500/3=500 spaces]
1 space for each 2 employees of Child Care Center
3 spaces for each 2 classrooms OR 1 space for each 4 seats in Auditorium [Elementary]
3 spaces for each 2 classrooms OR 1 space for each 3 seats in Auditorium [Middle School]
5 spaces for each classroom OR 1 space for each 2 seats in Auditorium [High School]
Parking spaces: 9 ft X 20 ft
Parking lot aisle width: 20 ft
124 cars / acre
Site/areas:
Elementary (suggested 10 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…from site planning standards 1978 (typical all 3 schools)
Middle School (suggested 20 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…
High School (suggested 30 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…
Available current site (2 areas): 13.5 acres: 8.58 acres
Building area per student: ohio school design manual by the ohio school facilities commission
o Elementary (National Average 114.4 sf) [240 x 120 = 28,800 sf] [240 x 115 = 27,600 sf]
o Middle School (National Average 136.7 sf) [120 x 140 = 16,800 sf] [120 x 137 = 16,440 sf]
o High School (National Average 154.2 sf) [140 x 160 = 22,400 sf] [140 x 155 = 21,700 sf]
o Total 68,000 sf 65,740 sf
o 66,000 sf
Church site ideal sizes:
o Rural (200 people/acre) [13.5 x 200 = 2700]
o Suburban (150 people/acre) [13.5 x 150 = 2025]
o Urban (75-100 people/acre) [13.5 x 75 = 1012; 13.5 x 100 = 1350]
c3 PROGRAM REVISED
9/29/04
“Central City Castle” – Proposed Program Outline
RICH HAMMING – THESIS I – LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY – FALL 2004
Proposed Site: 8.58 acres (373,744.8 s.f.)
Proposed Church & School Complex & Christian Academy: 130,000 s.f.
Proposed Church: 75,000 s.f.
Proposed School: 55,000 s.f.
Proposed parking area: 104,544 s.f.
K-5 Elementary School Christian Academy for 500 students/60 teaching staff:
Classrooms: [36,800 sf]
o (2) Kindergarten Rooms [4 half-day sessions]; (2) teachers and (2) assistants
o (2) Kindergarten Rooms: 25x32=800 sf each = 1,600 sf (including shared toilet room)
o (40) Kindergarten students
o (20) Elementary Classrooms [1st thru 5th grades]; (20) teachers and (5) assistants
o (20) Elementary Classrooms: 25x32=800 sf each = 16,000 sf
o (40) First grade students
o (40) Second grade students
o (40) Third grade students
o (40) Fourth grade students
o (40) Fifth grade students
o (12) Middle School Classrooms [6th thru 8th grades]; (12) teachers and (3) assistants
o (12) Middle School Classrooms: 25x28=700 sf each = 8,400 sf
o (40) Sixth grade students
o (40) Seventh grade students
o (40) Eighth grade students
o (12) High School Classrooms [9th thru 12th grades]; (12) teachers and (4) assistants
o (12) High School Classrooms: 25x36=900 sf each = 10,800 sf
o (35) Ninth grade students
o (35) Tenth grade students
o (35) Eleventh grade students
o (35) Twelfth grade students
o K-3 (750 sf each and 25 sf/child – 24/class maximum)
• K-5 in Elementary (math, language arts, social studies, science)
o 4-8 (660 sf each)
• 6-8 in Middle (English, math, social studies, general science, physical education, health, industrial arts, home economics, arts and crafts, and vocal music)
• Electives: speech, foreign languages, typing, instrumental music and student activities
o 9-12 (600 sf each)
o Ideal ratio for Elementary schools:18-20 classes = 450-550 students
o Ideal size for Middle and High schools: 600-900 students
Should provide 100 sf minimum for STORAGE per classroom [4,600 sf]
Outdoor spaces:
o Garden, which is un-shaded open ground
o Landscaping and plantings for all seasons
o Large-movement area, entirely sun-shaded but open to the elements (for ride-on toys, etc.)
o Play equipment
o Space to run
o Ride-on toys
o Sheltered area, sun-shaded and rain-protected (with sandboxes, etc.)
o Sandboxes and outdoor equipment not involving large scale movement
o Separate play area for Kindergarten children ideal
Community Hall:
o For sports or gatherings (200 minimum)
o Main hall
o Toy library
o Kinder-gym storage
o Chair storage
o Changing rooms
o Reception area
o Kitchen
Community Room for Elementary School: 600 sf + 200 sf storage
Corridors
o Consider lockers in Elementary for health reasons (such as head lice)
o Cannot hang coats in corridor due to fire regulations
o 8 ft minimum width
Toilet Rooms
o K-5 within wing of classes
o Elementary: 20 students/class – adjacent may share self-contained Boys and Girls toilet rooms
o 6-8 closer than 9-12
o 9-12 adequate for that floor
Stairs & Elevators
Art:
o Elementary (1500 sf instructional; 350 sf storage/work area/cabinets; 150 sf kiln room = 2000 sf)
• Storage area for art supplies
• Adequate ventilation is required due to various fumes
• Provide 110 and 220 volt outlets
• Provide emergency shut-off switch
• Provide wash-up sinks with traps that can accommodate large amounts of plastics
• Provide project storage lockers minimum 12 x 18 x 12 inches
• Pottery tables to have concrete tops
• Shelving to accommodate bulky supplies including large rolls of paper
• Provide abundant tackboard space
• Display cases with visibility from Corridor side: 12-18 inches deep
• Provide directional/track lighting
• Separate room for stainless steel pug mill and kiln with direct exhaust ventilation
• Provide safety devices: fire blanket, fire extinguisher, safety goggles, eye wash station, emergency first aid station over each sink
• Floor to be unsealed/un-waxed concrete
• Exposed structure above to hang projects
• Windows to be high to provide tack boards below
• Work tables to butcher block that can be refinished (2 students/table)
• 1 table to have chemistry top
• Small library area
• Provide compressed air into room
• Metal cabinet for solvents
• Possible equipment: jewelry tables, pottery wheels, printing press, dark room
• Provide a platform for models
o Middle School (1820 sf)
o High School (2370 sf)
Music:
o Elementary (1000 sf)
o Middle School (1400 Instrument / 1200 Choral / 1400 Combined)
o High School (1800 Instrument / 1500 Choral / 1600 Combined)
o 400 cubic feet per student (high ceiling)
o Can use acoustical treatment on walls and ceiling, carpet on floor and non-parallel walls to achieve desired acoustics
o Provide sink with hot and cold water
o Provide humidity control
o Recommend area in Elementary be 1300 sf
Science:
o Middle School (1000 sf)
o High School (900 Lab / 1000 Classroom-Lab)
Wood Shop (M/H)
Home Economics / Basic Home Management (M/H): sewing laboratory station and foods laboratory station
Drafting (M/H)
Computer Rooms (or part of homerooms or room in Library)
Foreign Languages
Library / Media Center / Learning Resource Center / Instructional Materials Center / Information Resource Center / Instructional Media Center (1900-8850 sf)
o For 265 students: 3510 sf
o For 565 students: 5010 sf
o Browsing and stack area (10% of enrollment x 40 sf/student) = 1060 sf / 2260 sf
o Conference Room 150 sf
o Group Projects (instructional) 500 sf / 600 sf
o Professional Library and Production Room for Teachers and Students 400 sf
o Processing Workroom 200 sf
o Materials Storage 500 sf / 600 sf
o Equipment Storage (A.V.) 400 sf / 500 sf
o Administration space 300 sf
Theater (1500 sf)
Gymnasium/Assembly space: (30 students to 1 teacher ratio)
o Elementary (5000 sf) [4000 sf minimum + 400 sf storage]
o Middle School (16000 sf)
o High School (22000 sf)
o Recreation Area for Church use:
• 70 x 120 ft (8400 sf)
• Basketball court (ceiling: 20-25 ft;
• Game Room (24 x 30 to 40 x 60)
• Group Meeting Rooms w/ tables and chairs (24 sf/person)
o Direct storage
o Showers, dressing, and locker rooms
• Separate locker/shower room for adults 600 sf
o Balcony level over locker rooms, etc. can provide for other floor activities and extra bleachers for good observation of main floor
Food Service
o Elementary kitchen 600 sf minimum + 200 sf storage [1600 sf for Kitchen and support areas]
o Elementary cafeteria to have 300 sf storage
o Cafeteria/Assembly space: all-day students/3.15 x 10
o Provide adjacent storage for cafeteria
o For 500 students: 210 seats, 1650 sf Kitchen space, 800 sf serving space, and 2 service counters
Administration: [20 staff/6,000 sf]
o 1 full-time administrator per each 500 students and 25 instructors
o Reception [1]
o Principal’s Office [2]
o Counseling/Guidance (Reception and Office) [3]
o Speech Correction [1]
o Storage for school records
o Storage for supplies
o Clinic [3]
o Teachers’ Work Rooms
o Toilets
o Pastor’s study (250-325 sf) [3]
o Director of Christian Education [1]
o Church School Superintendent [1]
o Staff offices (150-200 sf each): Secretary, Treasurer, Choir Director [5]
o Other needs: reception, work rooms, storage/closets, lounge, kitchenette, copier
Child Care Center
o 35 sf per child
o Rooms must have direct access to outdoors
o Program Director Office
o Staff/Volunteers’ Lounge
o Equipment for:
• Large muscle
• Small muscle
• Art
• Music
• Literature
• Sensory exploration
• Social interaction and dramatic play
• Discovery (structuring and restructuring)
• Rest (for children attending over 5 hours)
o Indoor Activity Space
o Outdoor Activity Space (minimum 2000 sf or 75 sf /child)
Example Space Allocations for Elementary Schools with 360 students {565}:
o Administration (1200 sf)
o Staff Room (500 sf)
o Kindergarten Room (1500 sf) {2 x 1500 = 3000 sf}
o General Classrooms (12 x 900 sf = 10,800 sf) {18 x 900 = 16,200 sf}
o Academic Support Center for Special Education [L.D. Room and 3 Specialist offices] (1800 sf)
o Art Room (1200 sf)
o Music Room (1000 sf)
o Library/Media Center (2700 sf) {3600 sf}
o Small Gymnasium (4000 sf)
o Cafetorium/Community Room with Stage (2400 sf)
o Serving Kitchen (600 sf)
o Area for Teaching Stations and Administration (27,700 sf) {35,500 sf}
o Storage and Toilets (3,500 sf) {5,000 sf}
o Area for Circulation, Heating, and Custodians [35%] (9,695 sf) {12,425 sf}
o Total: 40, 895 sf [114 sf/student] {53,925 total at 95 sf/student}
Sanctuary (up to 300: 17 sf/person; over 300: 13 sf/person) churchplansforless.com [1,200 people/18,000 sf]
o 36-38 inch row spacing
o 18 inches/person in pews
o Maximum 24 persons/row
o 7 sf/person for non-fixed seating
o Example: 500 seat auditorium = 750 lf of pews (actual capacity is 80%: 400) [1,200/80%=1,500 seats]
o Chair widths: 21-22 inches
o Barrier Free seating:
• 4-25 capacity = 1 space
• 26-50 = 2
• 51-300 = 4
• 301-500 = 6
• 500+ = 6, plus 1 for each increase of 100 [13 accessible seats]
o Center aisle width 5-6 ft
o Side aisle width 4 ft
o Balcony?:
• Layout based on site lines – rear location is best
• Capacity to be less than 50% of main level
• Riser depth 3 ft
• Cross aisles 4 ft minimum
o Expansion space for large attendance times (possibly from Narthex)
o Possibly use “multiform” plan type time-saver standards for building types 4th edition
o Air-conditioning!
o Use of natural light and artificial light
o Allow 12 sf per seat (including platform, sacristy, vestry and vestibule) = 18,000 sf
o Allow 8 sf per person if only seating area plus aisles
o Altar: 48-96 inches long x 28-48 inches wide x 40 inches high
Chancel: [6,000 sf]
o Choir Area: churchplansforless.com
• Minimum 10-12% of Sanctuary capacity [150 seats min.]
• Maximum 35% for large churches [525 seats max.]
• Choir rows to be 36-42 inches
• Movable chairs at 24 inches width per person and 36 inches back to back
• Planned choir capacity: 300 seats
• 12 sf per seat = 3,600 sf
o Platform: churchplansforless.com [not including Choir area = 2,400 sf]
• 7-15 feet minimum front to back
• 10-12 feet clear to front row
• 6 inches above main floor
o Altar/communion rail: 36 inches a.f.f. maximum with 6-8 inch broad top
o Organ and piano
o Band area
o Projection screen(s)
Vestry: Pastor robing room with connected private toilet room (adjacent to Chancel)
Baptistry Area:
o Inside dimensions: 4 x 7 ft minimum
o Water depth: 42-44 inches
o Baptistry floor approximately 39 inches above last choir row
Robing Rooms
Toilet Rooms
Media Control
Bride’s Room and Toilet: near rear of Sanctuary
Cry Room (adjacent to Sanctuary)
Usher
Coat Rooms adjacent to Lobby
Choir Rehearsal Room and Robing Rooms: near Sanctuary
Fellowship Hall:
o Dining capacity: 50% of Sanctuary seating capacity
o 15 sf / person for table seating
o Multi-purpose space that can be divided into classrooms by movable partitions
Kitchen:
o Commercial grade, stainless steel equipment
o Locate cooking line on exterior wall for hood exhaust
o Alternative “warming kitchen” to have 2 residential dishwashers, 2 microwaves, and 2 ranges
Storage
Janitor’s Closet
o 1 per every 10,000 sf of building
o No building area farther than 150 ft
M/E spaces
Bookstore?
Educational Facilities: [except for Nursery and Adult classes…use Academy Classrooms] = 7,350 sf
o 45-55 sf per person [50]
o Nursery (infants, toddlers, crib room, toilet):
• 35 sf per child
• 12 x 18 ft minimum each room
• Windowsills minimum 24 inches a.f.f.
• Provide tack boards from 14-48 inches a.f.f.
• Separate infant and toddler rooms
• Infants (Crib Room) Nursery I (birth to 18 mos): maximum 8-10 cribs/bassinets per room (at 3 ft intervals), changing tables [10 children x 50 sf = 500 sf]
• Toddlers Nursery II (18-35 mos): maximum 8 children per room, adjoining toilet room with junior fixtures (toilets 10 inches and sinks 24 inches a.f.f.) [10 children x 50 sf = 500 sf]
• Two-year-olds Nursery III (age 3): maximum 15 children per room, adjoining toilet room…see above [15 children x 50 sf = 750 sf]
• Three-year-olds: 15 children x 50 sf = 750 sf
• Four-year-olds: (2) Classrooms / 25 children x 50 sf = 1,250 sf
o Children’s classes (see under School above)
• Kindergarten I (age 4): 35 sf / child – up to 20 children per room
• Kindergarten II (age 5): 35 sf / child – up to 20 children per room
• Kindergarten tack boards from 24-54 inches a.f.f.
• 1st grade (age 6) / 2nd grade (age 7) / 3rd grade (age 8): 30 sf / child – up to 25 children per room
• same for 4th, 5th and 6th grades
• Provide a larger assembly space = Fellowship Hall
o Youth and Adult classes (12-15 sf per person):
• Middle School: 60-100 children in groups of 15-20
• High School: 50-90 children in groups of 20
• College Group: up to 50 [30 x 15 sf = 450 sf]
• Young Adults (age 24-35): 25 max per room, 10 sf per person [(2) Classrooms / 60 people x 15 sf = 900 sf]
• Adults (35-64) – on first floor [(4) Classrooms / 120 people x 15 sf = 1,800 sf]
• Older adults (65 +) – on first floor [30 x 15 sf = 450 sf]
• Family Counseling
o Boy Scouts/Girl Scouts/Brownies/?
Chapel
Children’s Chapel (use Fellowship Hall)
Vestibule/Lobby/Narthex: [4,500 sf]
o 2-3 sf per seat in Sanctuary [1500 x 3 = 4,500 sf]
o For LOBBY into Fellowship Hall or Sunday School spaces: 20-27% of Sanctuary space [25% of 18,000 sf = 4,500 sf]
o Visitor Center area
Welcome Room/Church Parlor with fireplace: 30 x 60 = 1,800 sf
Parking:
1 space for each 6 seats in the Sanctuary (1 for each 3 according to churchplansforless.com) [1500/3=500 spaces]
1 space for each 2 employees of Child Care Center
3 spaces for each 2 classrooms OR 1 space for each 4 seats in Auditorium [Elementary]
3 spaces for each 2 classrooms OR 1 space for each 3 seats in Auditorium [Middle School]
5 spaces for each classroom OR 1 space for each 2 seats in Auditorium [High School]
Parking spaces: 9 ft X 20 ft
Parking lot aisle width: 20 ft
124 cars / acre
Site/areas:
Elementary (suggested 10 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…from site planning standards 1978 (typical all 3 schools)
Middle School (suggested 20 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…
High School (suggested 30 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…
Available current site (2 areas): 13.5 acres: 8.58 acres
Building area per student: ohio school design manual by the ohio school facilities commission
o Elementary (National Average 114.4 sf) [240 x 120 = 28,800 sf] [240 x 115 = 27,600 sf]
o Middle School (National Average 136.7 sf) [120 x 140 = 16,800 sf] [120 x 137 = 16,440 sf]
o High School (National Average 154.2 sf) [140 x 160 = 22,400 sf] [140 x 155 = 21,700 sf]
o Total 68,000 sf 65,740 sf
o 66,000 sf
Church site ideal sizes:
o Rural (200 people/acre) [13.5 x 200 = 2700]
o Suburban (150 people/acre) [13.5 x 150 = 2025]
o Urban (75-100 people/acre) [13.5 x 75 = 1012; 13.5 x 100 = 1350]
“Central City Castle” – Proposed Program Outline
RICH HAMMING – THESIS I – LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY – FALL 2004
Proposed Site: 8.58 acres (373,744.8 s.f.)
Proposed Church & School Complex & Christian Academy: 130,000 s.f.
Proposed Church: 75,000 s.f.
Proposed School: 55,000 s.f.
Proposed parking area: 104,544 s.f.
K-5 Elementary School Christian Academy for 500 students/60 teaching staff:
Classrooms: [36,800 sf]
o (2) Kindergarten Rooms [4 half-day sessions]; (2) teachers and (2) assistants
o (2) Kindergarten Rooms: 25x32=800 sf each = 1,600 sf (including shared toilet room)
o (40) Kindergarten students
o (20) Elementary Classrooms [1st thru 5th grades]; (20) teachers and (5) assistants
o (20) Elementary Classrooms: 25x32=800 sf each = 16,000 sf
o (40) First grade students
o (40) Second grade students
o (40) Third grade students
o (40) Fourth grade students
o (40) Fifth grade students
o (12) Middle School Classrooms [6th thru 8th grades]; (12) teachers and (3) assistants
o (12) Middle School Classrooms: 25x28=700 sf each = 8,400 sf
o (40) Sixth grade students
o (40) Seventh grade students
o (40) Eighth grade students
o (12) High School Classrooms [9th thru 12th grades]; (12) teachers and (4) assistants
o (12) High School Classrooms: 25x36=900 sf each = 10,800 sf
o (35) Ninth grade students
o (35) Tenth grade students
o (35) Eleventh grade students
o (35) Twelfth grade students
o K-3 (750 sf each and 25 sf/child – 24/class maximum)
• K-5 in Elementary (math, language arts, social studies, science)
o 4-8 (660 sf each)
• 6-8 in Middle (English, math, social studies, general science, physical education, health, industrial arts, home economics, arts and crafts, and vocal music)
• Electives: speech, foreign languages, typing, instrumental music and student activities
o 9-12 (600 sf each)
o Ideal ratio for Elementary schools:18-20 classes = 450-550 students
o Ideal size for Middle and High schools: 600-900 students
Should provide 100 sf minimum for STORAGE per classroom [4,600 sf]
Outdoor spaces:
o Garden, which is un-shaded open ground
o Landscaping and plantings for all seasons
o Large-movement area, entirely sun-shaded but open to the elements (for ride-on toys, etc.)
o Play equipment
o Space to run
o Ride-on toys
o Sheltered area, sun-shaded and rain-protected (with sandboxes, etc.)
o Sandboxes and outdoor equipment not involving large scale movement
o Separate play area for Kindergarten children ideal
Community Hall:
o For sports or gatherings (200 minimum)
o Main hall
o Toy library
o Kinder-gym storage
o Chair storage
o Changing rooms
o Reception area
o Kitchen
Community Room for Elementary School: 600 sf + 200 sf storage
Corridors
o Consider lockers in Elementary for health reasons (such as head lice)
o Cannot hang coats in corridor due to fire regulations
o 8 ft minimum width
Toilet Rooms
o K-5 within wing of classes
o Elementary: 20 students/class – adjacent may share self-contained Boys and Girls toilet rooms
o 6-8 closer than 9-12
o 9-12 adequate for that floor
Stairs & Elevators
Art:
o Elementary (1500 sf instructional; 350 sf storage/work area/cabinets; 150 sf kiln room = 2000 sf)
• Storage area for art supplies
• Adequate ventilation is required due to various fumes
• Provide 110 and 220 volt outlets
• Provide emergency shut-off switch
• Provide wash-up sinks with traps that can accommodate large amounts of plastics
• Provide project storage lockers minimum 12 x 18 x 12 inches
• Pottery tables to have concrete tops
• Shelving to accommodate bulky supplies including large rolls of paper
• Provide abundant tackboard space
• Display cases with visibility from Corridor side: 12-18 inches deep
• Provide directional/track lighting
• Separate room for stainless steel pug mill and kiln with direct exhaust ventilation
• Provide safety devices: fire blanket, fire extinguisher, safety goggles, eye wash station, emergency first aid station over each sink
• Floor to be unsealed/un-waxed concrete
• Exposed structure above to hang projects
• Windows to be high to provide tack boards below
• Work tables to butcher block that can be refinished (2 students/table)
• 1 table to have chemistry top
• Small library area
• Provide compressed air into room
• Metal cabinet for solvents
• Possible equipment: jewelry tables, pottery wheels, printing press, dark room
• Provide a platform for models
o Middle School (1820 sf)
o High School (2370 sf)
Music:
o Elementary (1000 sf)
o Middle School (1400 Instrument / 1200 Choral / 1400 Combined)
o High School (1800 Instrument / 1500 Choral / 1600 Combined)
o 400 cubic feet per student (high ceiling)
o Can use acoustical treatment on walls and ceiling, carpet on floor and non-parallel walls to achieve desired acoustics
o Provide sink with hot and cold water
o Provide humidity control
o Recommend area in Elementary be 1300 sf
Science:
o Middle School (1000 sf)
o High School (900 Lab / 1000 Classroom-Lab)
Wood Shop (M/H)
Home Economics / Basic Home Management (M/H): sewing laboratory station and foods laboratory station
Drafting (M/H)
Computer Rooms (or part of homerooms or room in Library)
Foreign Languages
Library / Media Center / Learning Resource Center / Instructional Materials Center / Information Resource Center / Instructional Media Center (1900-8850 sf)
o For 265 students: 3510 sf
o For 565 students: 5010 sf
o Browsing and stack area (10% of enrollment x 40 sf/student) = 1060 sf / 2260 sf
o Conference Room 150 sf
o Group Projects (instructional) 500 sf / 600 sf
o Professional Library and Production Room for Teachers and Students 400 sf
o Processing Workroom 200 sf
o Materials Storage 500 sf / 600 sf
o Equipment Storage (A.V.) 400 sf / 500 sf
o Administration space 300 sf
Theater (1500 sf)
Gymnasium/Assembly space: (30 students to 1 teacher ratio)
o Elementary (5000 sf) [4000 sf minimum + 400 sf storage]
o Middle School (16000 sf)
o High School (22000 sf)
o Recreation Area for Church use:
• 70 x 120 ft (8400 sf)
• Basketball court (ceiling: 20-25 ft;
• Game Room (24 x 30 to 40 x 60)
• Group Meeting Rooms w/ tables and chairs (24 sf/person)
o Direct storage
o Showers, dressing, and locker rooms
• Separate locker/shower room for adults 600 sf
o Balcony level over locker rooms, etc. can provide for other floor activities and extra bleachers for good observation of main floor
Food Service
o Elementary kitchen 600 sf minimum + 200 sf storage [1600 sf for Kitchen and support areas]
o Elementary cafeteria to have 300 sf storage
o Cafeteria/Assembly space: all-day students/3.15 x 10
o Provide adjacent storage for cafeteria
o For 500 students: 210 seats, 1650 sf Kitchen space, 800 sf serving space, and 2 service counters
Administration: [20 staff/6,000 sf]
o 1 full-time administrator per each 500 students and 25 instructors
o Reception [1]
o Principal’s Office [2]
o Counseling/Guidance (Reception and Office) [3]
o Speech Correction [1]
o Storage for school records
o Storage for supplies
o Clinic [3]
o Teachers’ Work Rooms
o Toilets
o Pastor’s study (250-325 sf) [3]
o Director of Christian Education [1]
o Church School Superintendent [1]
o Staff offices (150-200 sf each): Secretary, Treasurer, Choir Director [5]
o Other needs: reception, work rooms, storage/closets, lounge, kitchenette, copier
Child Care Center
o 35 sf per child
o Rooms must have direct access to outdoors
o Program Director Office
o Staff/Volunteers’ Lounge
o Equipment for:
• Large muscle
• Small muscle
• Art
• Music
• Literature
• Sensory exploration
• Social interaction and dramatic play
• Discovery (structuring and restructuring)
• Rest (for children attending over 5 hours)
o Indoor Activity Space
o Outdoor Activity Space (minimum 2000 sf or 75 sf /child)
Example Space Allocations for Elementary Schools with 360 students {565}:
o Administration (1200 sf)
o Staff Room (500 sf)
o Kindergarten Room (1500 sf) {2 x 1500 = 3000 sf}
o General Classrooms (12 x 900 sf = 10,800 sf) {18 x 900 = 16,200 sf}
o Academic Support Center for Special Education [L.D. Room and 3 Specialist offices] (1800 sf)
o Art Room (1200 sf)
o Music Room (1000 sf)
o Library/Media Center (2700 sf) {3600 sf}
o Small Gymnasium (4000 sf)
o Cafetorium/Community Room with Stage (2400 sf)
o Serving Kitchen (600 sf)
o Area for Teaching Stations and Administration (27,700 sf) {35,500 sf}
o Storage and Toilets (3,500 sf) {5,000 sf}
o Area for Circulation, Heating, and Custodians [35%] (9,695 sf) {12,425 sf}
o Total: 40, 895 sf [114 sf/student] {53,925 total at 95 sf/student}
Sanctuary (up to 300: 17 sf/person; over 300: 13 sf/person) churchplansforless.com [1,200 people/18,000 sf]
o 36-38 inch row spacing
o 18 inches/person in pews
o Maximum 24 persons/row
o 7 sf/person for non-fixed seating
o Example: 500 seat auditorium = 750 lf of pews (actual capacity is 80%: 400) [1,200/80%=1,500 seats]
o Chair widths: 21-22 inches
o Barrier Free seating:
• 4-25 capacity = 1 space
• 26-50 = 2
• 51-300 = 4
• 301-500 = 6
• 500+ = 6, plus 1 for each increase of 100 [13 accessible seats]
o Center aisle width 5-6 ft
o Side aisle width 4 ft
o Balcony?:
• Layout based on site lines – rear location is best
• Capacity to be less than 50% of main level
• Riser depth 3 ft
• Cross aisles 4 ft minimum
o Expansion space for large attendance times (possibly from Narthex)
o Possibly use “multiform” plan type time-saver standards for building types 4th edition
o Air-conditioning!
o Use of natural light and artificial light
o Allow 12 sf per seat (including platform, sacristy, vestry and vestibule) = 18,000 sf
o Allow 8 sf per person if only seating area plus aisles
o Altar: 48-96 inches long x 28-48 inches wide x 40 inches high
Chancel: [6,000 sf]
o Choir Area: churchplansforless.com
• Minimum 10-12% of Sanctuary capacity [150 seats min.]
• Maximum 35% for large churches [525 seats max.]
• Choir rows to be 36-42 inches
• Movable chairs at 24 inches width per person and 36 inches back to back
• Planned choir capacity: 300 seats
• 12 sf per seat = 3,600 sf
o Platform: churchplansforless.com [not including Choir area = 2,400 sf]
• 7-15 feet minimum front to back
• 10-12 feet clear to front row
• 6 inches above main floor
o Altar/communion rail: 36 inches a.f.f. maximum with 6-8 inch broad top
o Organ and piano
o Band area
o Projection screen(s)
Vestry: Pastor robing room with connected private toilet room (adjacent to Chancel)
Baptistry Area:
o Inside dimensions: 4 x 7 ft minimum
o Water depth: 42-44 inches
o Baptistry floor approximately 39 inches above last choir row
Robing Rooms
Toilet Rooms
Media Control
Bride’s Room and Toilet: near rear of Sanctuary
Cry Room (adjacent to Sanctuary)
Usher
Coat Rooms adjacent to Lobby
Choir Rehearsal Room and Robing Rooms: near Sanctuary
Fellowship Hall:
o Dining capacity: 50% of Sanctuary seating capacity
o 15 sf / person for table seating
o Multi-purpose space that can be divided into classrooms by movable partitions
Kitchen:
o Commercial grade, stainless steel equipment
o Locate cooking line on exterior wall for hood exhaust
o Alternative “warming kitchen” to have 2 residential dishwashers, 2 microwaves, and 2 ranges
Storage
Janitor’s Closet
o 1 per every 10,000 sf of building
o No building area farther than 150 ft
M/E spaces
Bookstore?
Educational Facilities: [except for Nursery and Adult classes…use Academy Classrooms] = 7,350 sf
o 45-55 sf per person [50]
o Nursery (infants, toddlers, crib room, toilet):
• 35 sf per child
• 12 x 18 ft minimum each room
• Windowsills minimum 24 inches a.f.f.
• Provide tack boards from 14-48 inches a.f.f.
• Separate infant and toddler rooms
• Infants (Crib Room) Nursery I (birth to 18 mos): maximum 8-10 cribs/bassinets per room (at 3 ft intervals), changing tables [10 children x 50 sf = 500 sf]
• Toddlers Nursery II (18-35 mos): maximum 8 children per room, adjoining toilet room with junior fixtures (toilets 10 inches and sinks 24 inches a.f.f.) [10 children x 50 sf = 500 sf]
• Two-year-olds Nursery III (age 3): maximum 15 children per room, adjoining toilet room…see above [15 children x 50 sf = 750 sf]
• Three-year-olds: 15 children x 50 sf = 750 sf
• Four-year-olds: (2) Classrooms / 25 children x 50 sf = 1,250 sf
o Children’s classes (see under School above)
• Kindergarten I (age 4): 35 sf / child – up to 20 children per room
• Kindergarten II (age 5): 35 sf / child – up to 20 children per room
• Kindergarten tack boards from 24-54 inches a.f.f.
• 1st grade (age 6) / 2nd grade (age 7) / 3rd grade (age 8): 30 sf / child – up to 25 children per room
• same for 4th, 5th and 6th grades
• Provide a larger assembly space = Fellowship Hall
o Youth and Adult classes (12-15 sf per person):
• Middle School: 60-100 children in groups of 15-20
• High School: 50-90 children in groups of 20
• College Group: up to 50 [30 x 15 sf = 450 sf]
• Young Adults (age 24-35): 25 max per room, 10 sf per person [(2) Classrooms / 60 people x 15 sf = 900 sf]
• Adults (35-64) – on first floor [(4) Classrooms / 120 people x 15 sf = 1,800 sf]
• Older adults (65 +) – on first floor [30 x 15 sf = 450 sf]
• Family Counseling
o Boy Scouts/Girl Scouts/Brownies/?
Chapel
Children’s Chapel (use Fellowship Hall)
Vestibule/Lobby/Narthex: [4,500 sf]
o 2-3 sf per seat in Sanctuary [1500 x 3 = 4,500 sf]
o For LOBBY into Fellowship Hall or Sunday School spaces: 20-27% of Sanctuary space [25% of 18,000 sf = 4,500 sf]
o Visitor Center area
Welcome Room/Church Parlor with fireplace: 30 x 60 = 1,800 sf
Parking:
1 space for each 6 seats in the Sanctuary (1 for each 3 according to churchplansforless.com) [1500/3=500 spaces]
1 space for each 2 employees of Child Care Center
3 spaces for each 2 classrooms OR 1 space for each 4 seats in Auditorium [Elementary]
3 spaces for each 2 classrooms OR 1 space for each 3 seats in Auditorium [Middle School]
5 spaces for each classroom OR 1 space for each 2 seats in Auditorium [High School]
Parking spaces: 9 ft X 20 ft
Parking lot aisle width: 20 ft
124 cars / acre
Site/areas:
Elementary (suggested 10 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…from site planning standards 1978 (typical all 3 schools)
Middle School (suggested 20 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…
High School (suggested 30 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…
Available current site (2 areas): 13.5 acres: 8.58 acres
Building area per student: ohio school design manual by the ohio school facilities commission
o Elementary (National Average 114.4 sf) [240 x 120 = 28,800 sf] [240 x 115 = 27,600 sf]
o Middle School (National Average 136.7 sf) [120 x 140 = 16,800 sf] [120 x 137 = 16,440 sf]
o High School (National Average 154.2 sf) [140 x 160 = 22,400 sf] [140 x 155 = 21,700 sf]
o Total 68,000 sf 65,740 sf
o 66,000 sf
Church site ideal sizes:
o Rural (200 people/acre) [13.5 x 200 = 2700]
o Suburban (150 people/acre) [13.5 x 150 = 2025]
o Urban (75-100 people/acre) [13.5 x 75 = 1012; 13.5 x 100 = 1350]
c3 PROGRAM
9/23/04
“Central City Castle” – Proposed Program Outline
RICH HAMMING – THESIS I – LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY – FALL 2004
Proposed Site: 13.5 acres (588,060 s.f.)
Proposed Church & School Complex: 130,000 s.f.
Proposed Church: 75,000 s.f.
Proposed School: 55,000 s.f.
Proposed parking area: 104,544 s.f.
K-5 Elementary School for 500 students:
Outdoor spaces:
o Garden, which is un-shaded with open ground
o Landscaping and plantings for all seasons
o Large-movement area, entirely sun-shaded but open to the elements
o Play equipment
o Space to run
o Ride-on toys
o Sheltered area, sun-shaded and rain-protected
o Sandboxes and outdoor equipment not involving large scale movement
o Separate play area for Kindergarten children ideal
Community Hall:
o For sports or gatherings (200 minimum)
o Main hall
o Toy library
o Kinder-gym storage
o Chair storage
o Changing rooms
o Reception area
o Kitchen
Classrooms:
o K-3 (750 sf each and 25 sf/child – 24/class maximum)
• K-5 in Elementary (math, language arts, social studies, science)
o 4-8 (660 sf each)
• 6-8 in Middle (English, math, social studies, general science, physical education, health, industrial arts, home economics, arts and crafts, and vocal music)
• Electives: speech, foreign languages, typing, instrumental music and student activities
o 9-12 (600 sf each)
o Ideal ratio for Elementary schools:18-20 classes = 450-550 students
o Ideal size for Middle and High schools: 600-900 students
o Should provide 100 sf minimum for storage per room
Community Room for Elementary School: 600 sf + 200 sf storage
Corridors
o Consider lockers in Elementary for health reasons (such as head lice)
o Cannot hang coats in corridor due to fire regulations
o 8 ft minimum width
Toilet Rooms
o K-5 within wing of classes
o Elementary: 20 students/class – adjacent may share self-contained Boys and Girls toilet rooms
o 6-8 closer than 9-12
o 9-12 adequate for that floor
Stairs & Elevators
Art:
o Elementary (1500 sf instructional; 350 sf storage/work area/cabinets; 150 sf kiln room = 2000 sf)
• Storage area for art supplies
• Adequate ventilation is required due to various fumes
• Provide 110 and 220 volt outlets
• Provide emergency shut-off switch
• Provide wash-up sinks with traps that can accommodate large amounts of plastics
• Provide project storage lockers minimum 12 x 18 x 12 inches
• Pottery tables to have concrete tops
• Shelving to accommodate bulky supplies including large rolls of paper
• Provide abundant tackboard space
• Display cases with visibility from Corridor side: 12-18 inches deep
• Provide directional/track lighting
• Separate room for stainless steel pug mill and kiln with direct exhaust ventilation
• Provide safety devices: fire blanket, fire extinguisher, safety goggles, eye wash station, emergency first aid station over each sink
• Floor to be unsealed/un-waxed concrete
• Exposed structure above to hang projects
• Windows to be high to provide tack boards below
• Work tables to butcher block that can be refinished (2 students/table)
• 1 table to have chemistry top
• Small library area
• Provide compressed air into room
• Metal cabinet for solvents
• Possible equipment: jewelry tables, pottery wheels, printing press, dark room
• Provide a platform for models
o Middle School (1820 sf)
o High School (2370 sf)
Music:
o Elementary (1000 sf)
o Middle School (1400 Instrument / 1200 Choral / 1400 Combined)
o High School (1800 Instrument / 1500 Choral / 1600 Combined)
o 400 cubic feet per student (high ceiling)
o Can use acoustical treatment on walls and ceiling, carpet on floor and non-parallel walls to achieve desired acoustics
o Provide sink with hot and cold water
o Provide humidity control
o Recommend area in Elementary be 1300 sf
Science:
o Middle School (1000 sf)
o High School (900 Lab / 1000 Classroom-Lab)
Wood Shop (M/H)
Home Economics / Basic Home Management (M/H): sewing laboratory station and foods laboratory station
Drafting (M/H)
Computer Rooms (or part of homerooms or room in Library)
Foreign Languages
Library / Media Center / Learning Resource Center / Instructional Materials Center / Information Resource Center / Instructional Media Center (1900-8850 sf)
o For 265 students: 3510 sf
o For 565 students: 5010 sf
o Browsing and stack area (10% of enrollment x 40 sf/student) = 1060 sf / 2260 sf
o Conference Room 150 sf
o Group Projects (instructional) 500 sf / 600 sf
o Professional Library and Production Room for Teachers and Students 400 sf
o Processing Workroom 200 sf
o Materials Storage 500 sf / 600 sf
o Equipment Storage (A.V.) 400 sf / 500 sf
o Administration space 300 sf
Theater (1500 sf)
Gymnasium/Assembly space: (30 students to 1 teacher ratio)
o Elementary (5000 sf) [4000 sf minimum + 400 sf storage]
o Middle School (16000 sf)
o High School (22000 sf)
o Recreation Area for Church use:
• 70 x 120 ft (8400 sf)
• Basketball court (ceiling: 20-25 ft;
• Game Room (24 x 30 to 40 x 60)
• Group Meeting Rooms w/ tables and chairs (24 sf/person)
o Direct storage
o Showers, dressing, and locker rooms
• Separate locker/shower room for adults 600 sf
o Balcony level over locker rooms, etc. can provide for other floor activities and extra bleachers for good observation of main floor
Food Service
o Elementary kitchen 600 sf minimum + 200 sf storage [1600 sf for Kitchen and support areas]
o Elementary cafeteria to have 300 sf storage
o Cafeteria/Assembly space: all-day students/3.15 x 10
o Provide adjacent storage for cafeteria
o For 500 students: 210 seats, 1650 sf Kitchen space, 800 sf serving space, and 2 service counters
Administration
o 1 full-time administrator per each 500 students and 25 instructors
o Reception
o Principal’s Office
o Counseling/Guidance (Reception and Office)
o Speech Correction
o Storage for school records
o Storage for supplies
o Clinic
o Teachers’ Work Rooms
o Toilets
Child Care Center
o 35 sf per child
o Rooms must have direct access to outdoors
o Program Director Office
o Staff/Volunteers’ Lounge
o Equipment for:
• Large muscle
• Small muscle
• Art
• Music
• Literature
• Sensory exploration
• Social interaction and dramatic play
• Discovery (structuring and restructuring)
• Rest (for children attending over 5 hours)
o Indoor Activity Space
o Outdoor Activity Space (minimum 2000 sf or 75 sf /child)
Example Space Allocations for Elementary Schools with 360 students {565}:
o Administration (1200 sf)
o Staff Room (500 sf)
o Kindergarten Room (1500 sf) {2 x 1500 = 3000 sf}
o General Classrooms (12 x 900 sf = 10,800 sf) {18 x 900 = 16,200 sf}
o Academic Support Center for Special Education [L.D. Room and 3 Specialist offices] (1800 sf)
o Art Room (1200 sf)
o Music Room (1000 sf)
o Library/Media Center (2700 sf) {3600 sf}
o Small Gymnasium (4000 sf)
o Cafetorium/Community Room with Stage (2400 sf)
o Serving Kitchen (600 sf)
o Area for Teaching Stations and Administration (27,700 sf) {35,500 sf}
o Storage and Toilets (3,500 sf) {5,000 sf}
o Area for Circulation, Heating, and Custodians [35%] (9,695 sf) {12,425 sf}
o Total: 40, 895 sf [114 sf/student] {53,925 total at 95 sf/student}
Church with Sanctuary for 1,200 people:
Sanctuary (up to 300: 17 sf/person; over 300: 13 sf/person) churchplansforless.com
o 36-38 inch row spacing
o 18 inches/person in pews
o Maximum 24 persons/row
o 7 sf/person for non-fixed seating
o Example: 500 seat auditorium = 750 lf of pews (actual capacity is 80%: 400)
o Chair widths: 21-22 inches
o Barrier Free seating:
• 4-25 capacity = 1 space
• 26-50 = 2
• 51-300 = 4
• 301-500 = 6
• 500+ = 6, plus 1 for each increase of 100
o Center aisle width 5-6 ft
o Side aisle width 4 ft
o Balcony?:
• Layout based on site lines – rear location is best
• Capacity to be less than 50% of main level
• Riser depth 3 ft
• Cross aisles 4 ft minimum
o Expansion space for large attendance times
o Possibly use “multiform” plan type time-saver standards for building types 4th edition
o Air-conditioning!
o Use of natural light and artificial light
o Allow 12 sf per seat (including platform, sacristy, vestry and vestibule
o Allow 8 sf per person if only seating area plus aisles
o Altar: 48-96 inches long x 28-48 inches wide x 40 inches high
Chancel:
o Choir Area: churchplansforless.com
• Minimum 10-12% of Sanctuary capacity
• Maximum 35% for large churches
• Choir rows to be 36-42 inches
• Movable chairs at 24 inches width per person and 36 inches back to back
o Platform: churchplansforless.com
• 7-15 feet minimum front to back
• 10-12 feet clear to front row
• 6 inches above main floor
o Altar/communion rail: 36 inches a.f.f. maximum with 6-8 inch broad top
o Organ and piano
o Band area
o Projection screen(s)
Vestry: Pastor robing room with connected private toilet room (adjacent to Chancel)
Baptistry Area:
o Inside dimensions: 4 x 7 ft minimum
o Water depth: 42-44 inches
o Baptistry floor approximately 39 inches above last choir row
Robing Rooms
Toilet Rooms
Media Control
Bride’s Room and Toilet: near rear of Sanctuary
Cry Room (adjacent to Sanctuary)
Usher
Coat Rooms adjacent to Lobby
Choir Rehearsal Room and Robing Rooms: near Sanctuary
Offices:
o Pastor’s study (250-325 sf)
o Director of Christian Education
o Church School Superintendent
o Staff offices (150-200 sf each): Secretary, Treasurer, Choir Director
o Other needs: reception, work rooms, storage/closets, lounge, kitchenette, copier
Fellowship Hall:
o Dining capacity: 50% of Sanctuary seating capacity
o 15 sf / person for table seating
o Multi-purpose space that can be divided into classrooms by movable partitions
Kitchen:
o Commercial grade, stainless steel equipment
o Locate cooking line on exterior wall for hood exhaust
o Alternative “warming kitchen” to have 2 residential dishwashers, 2 microwaves, and 2 ranges
Storage
Janitor’s Closet
o 1 per every 10,000 sf of building
o No building area farther than 150 ft
M/E spaces
Bookstore?
Educational Facilities:
o 45-55 sf per person
o Nursery (infants, toddlers, crib room, toilet):
• 35 sf per child
• 12 x 18 ft minimum each room
• Windowsills minimum 24 inches a.f.f.
• Provide tack boards from 14-48 inches a.f.f.
• Separate infant and toddler rooms
• Nursery I (birth to 18 mos): maximum 8-10 cribs/bassinets per room (at 3 ft intervals), changing tables
• Nursery II (18-35 mos): maximum 8 children per room, adjoining toilet room with junior fixtures (toilets 10 inches and sinks 24 inches a.f.f.)
• Nursery III (age 3): maximum 15 children per room, adjoining toilet room…see above
o Children’s classes (see under School above)
• Kindergarten I (age 4): 35 sf / child – up to 20 children per room
• Kindergarten II (age 5): 35 sf / child – up to 20 children per room
• Kindergarten tack boards from 24-54 inches a.f.f.
• 1st grade (age 6) / 2nd grade (age 7) / 3rd grade (age 8): 30 sf / child – up to 25 children per room
• same for 4th, 5th and 6th grades
• Provide a larger assembly space
o Youth and Adult classes (12-15 sf per person):
• Junior High: 60-100 children in groups of 15-20
• High School: 50-90 children in groups of 20
• College Group: up to 50
• Young Adults (age 24-35): 25 max per room, 10 sf per person
• Adults (35-64) – on first floor
• Older adults (65 +) – on first floor
• Family Counseling
o Boy Scouts/Girl Scouts/Brownies/?
Chapel
Children’s Chapel (use Fellowship Hall)
Vestibule/Lobby/Narthex:
o 2-3 sf per seat in Sanctuary
o For lobby into Fellowship Hall or Sunday School spaces: 20-27% of Sanctuary space
o Visitor Center area
Welcome Room/Church Parlor with fireplace
Parking:
1 space for each 6 seats in the Sanctuary (1 for each 3 according to churchplansforless.com)
1 space for each 2 employees of Child Care Center
3 spaces for each 2 classrooms OR 1 space for each 4 seats in Auditorium [Elementary]
3 spaces for each 2 classrooms OR 1 space for each 3 seats in Auditorium [Middle School]
5 spaces for each classroom OR 1 space for each 2 seats in Auditorium [High School]
Parking spaces: 9 ft X 20 ft
Parking lot aisle width: 20 ft
124 cars / acre
Site/areas:
Elementary (10 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…
Middle School (20 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…
High School (30 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…
Available current site (2 areas): 13.5 acres
Building area per student: ohio school design manual
o Elementary (114.4 sf)
o Middle School (136.7 sf)
o High School (154.2 sf)
Church site ideal sizes:
o Rural (200 people/acre) [13.5 x 200 = 2700]
o Suburban (150 people/acre) [13.5 x 150 = 2025]
o Urban (75-100 people/acre) [13.5 x 75 = 1012; 13.5 x 100 = 1350]
“Central City Castle” – Proposed Program Outline
RICH HAMMING – THESIS I – LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY – FALL 2004
Proposed Site: 13.5 acres (588,060 s.f.)
Proposed Church & School Complex: 130,000 s.f.
Proposed Church: 75,000 s.f.
Proposed School: 55,000 s.f.
Proposed parking area: 104,544 s.f.
K-5 Elementary School for 500 students:
Outdoor spaces:
o Garden, which is un-shaded with open ground
o Landscaping and plantings for all seasons
o Large-movement area, entirely sun-shaded but open to the elements
o Play equipment
o Space to run
o Ride-on toys
o Sheltered area, sun-shaded and rain-protected
o Sandboxes and outdoor equipment not involving large scale movement
o Separate play area for Kindergarten children ideal
Community Hall:
o For sports or gatherings (200 minimum)
o Main hall
o Toy library
o Kinder-gym storage
o Chair storage
o Changing rooms
o Reception area
o Kitchen
Classrooms:
o K-3 (750 sf each and 25 sf/child – 24/class maximum)
• K-5 in Elementary (math, language arts, social studies, science)
o 4-8 (660 sf each)
• 6-8 in Middle (English, math, social studies, general science, physical education, health, industrial arts, home economics, arts and crafts, and vocal music)
• Electives: speech, foreign languages, typing, instrumental music and student activities
o 9-12 (600 sf each)
o Ideal ratio for Elementary schools:18-20 classes = 450-550 students
o Ideal size for Middle and High schools: 600-900 students
o Should provide 100 sf minimum for storage per room
Community Room for Elementary School: 600 sf + 200 sf storage
Corridors
o Consider lockers in Elementary for health reasons (such as head lice)
o Cannot hang coats in corridor due to fire regulations
o 8 ft minimum width
Toilet Rooms
o K-5 within wing of classes
o Elementary: 20 students/class – adjacent may share self-contained Boys and Girls toilet rooms
o 6-8 closer than 9-12
o 9-12 adequate for that floor
Stairs & Elevators
Art:
o Elementary (1500 sf instructional; 350 sf storage/work area/cabinets; 150 sf kiln room = 2000 sf)
• Storage area for art supplies
• Adequate ventilation is required due to various fumes
• Provide 110 and 220 volt outlets
• Provide emergency shut-off switch
• Provide wash-up sinks with traps that can accommodate large amounts of plastics
• Provide project storage lockers minimum 12 x 18 x 12 inches
• Pottery tables to have concrete tops
• Shelving to accommodate bulky supplies including large rolls of paper
• Provide abundant tackboard space
• Display cases with visibility from Corridor side: 12-18 inches deep
• Provide directional/track lighting
• Separate room for stainless steel pug mill and kiln with direct exhaust ventilation
• Provide safety devices: fire blanket, fire extinguisher, safety goggles, eye wash station, emergency first aid station over each sink
• Floor to be unsealed/un-waxed concrete
• Exposed structure above to hang projects
• Windows to be high to provide tack boards below
• Work tables to butcher block that can be refinished (2 students/table)
• 1 table to have chemistry top
• Small library area
• Provide compressed air into room
• Metal cabinet for solvents
• Possible equipment: jewelry tables, pottery wheels, printing press, dark room
• Provide a platform for models
o Middle School (1820 sf)
o High School (2370 sf)
Music:
o Elementary (1000 sf)
o Middle School (1400 Instrument / 1200 Choral / 1400 Combined)
o High School (1800 Instrument / 1500 Choral / 1600 Combined)
o 400 cubic feet per student (high ceiling)
o Can use acoustical treatment on walls and ceiling, carpet on floor and non-parallel walls to achieve desired acoustics
o Provide sink with hot and cold water
o Provide humidity control
o Recommend area in Elementary be 1300 sf
Science:
o Middle School (1000 sf)
o High School (900 Lab / 1000 Classroom-Lab)
Wood Shop (M/H)
Home Economics / Basic Home Management (M/H): sewing laboratory station and foods laboratory station
Drafting (M/H)
Computer Rooms (or part of homerooms or room in Library)
Foreign Languages
Library / Media Center / Learning Resource Center / Instructional Materials Center / Information Resource Center / Instructional Media Center (1900-8850 sf)
o For 265 students: 3510 sf
o For 565 students: 5010 sf
o Browsing and stack area (10% of enrollment x 40 sf/student) = 1060 sf / 2260 sf
o Conference Room 150 sf
o Group Projects (instructional) 500 sf / 600 sf
o Professional Library and Production Room for Teachers and Students 400 sf
o Processing Workroom 200 sf
o Materials Storage 500 sf / 600 sf
o Equipment Storage (A.V.) 400 sf / 500 sf
o Administration space 300 sf
Theater (1500 sf)
Gymnasium/Assembly space: (30 students to 1 teacher ratio)
o Elementary (5000 sf) [4000 sf minimum + 400 sf storage]
o Middle School (16000 sf)
o High School (22000 sf)
o Recreation Area for Church use:
• 70 x 120 ft (8400 sf)
• Basketball court (ceiling: 20-25 ft;
• Game Room (24 x 30 to 40 x 60)
• Group Meeting Rooms w/ tables and chairs (24 sf/person)
o Direct storage
o Showers, dressing, and locker rooms
• Separate locker/shower room for adults 600 sf
o Balcony level over locker rooms, etc. can provide for other floor activities and extra bleachers for good observation of main floor
Food Service
o Elementary kitchen 600 sf minimum + 200 sf storage [1600 sf for Kitchen and support areas]
o Elementary cafeteria to have 300 sf storage
o Cafeteria/Assembly space: all-day students/3.15 x 10
o Provide adjacent storage for cafeteria
o For 500 students: 210 seats, 1650 sf Kitchen space, 800 sf serving space, and 2 service counters
Administration
o 1 full-time administrator per each 500 students and 25 instructors
o Reception
o Principal’s Office
o Counseling/Guidance (Reception and Office)
o Speech Correction
o Storage for school records
o Storage for supplies
o Clinic
o Teachers’ Work Rooms
o Toilets
Child Care Center
o 35 sf per child
o Rooms must have direct access to outdoors
o Program Director Office
o Staff/Volunteers’ Lounge
o Equipment for:
• Large muscle
• Small muscle
• Art
• Music
• Literature
• Sensory exploration
• Social interaction and dramatic play
• Discovery (structuring and restructuring)
• Rest (for children attending over 5 hours)
o Indoor Activity Space
o Outdoor Activity Space (minimum 2000 sf or 75 sf /child)
Example Space Allocations for Elementary Schools with 360 students {565}:
o Administration (1200 sf)
o Staff Room (500 sf)
o Kindergarten Room (1500 sf) {2 x 1500 = 3000 sf}
o General Classrooms (12 x 900 sf = 10,800 sf) {18 x 900 = 16,200 sf}
o Academic Support Center for Special Education [L.D. Room and 3 Specialist offices] (1800 sf)
o Art Room (1200 sf)
o Music Room (1000 sf)
o Library/Media Center (2700 sf) {3600 sf}
o Small Gymnasium (4000 sf)
o Cafetorium/Community Room with Stage (2400 sf)
o Serving Kitchen (600 sf)
o Area for Teaching Stations and Administration (27,700 sf) {35,500 sf}
o Storage and Toilets (3,500 sf) {5,000 sf}
o Area for Circulation, Heating, and Custodians [35%] (9,695 sf) {12,425 sf}
o Total: 40, 895 sf [114 sf/student] {53,925 total at 95 sf/student}
Church with Sanctuary for 1,200 people:
Sanctuary (up to 300: 17 sf/person; over 300: 13 sf/person) churchplansforless.com
o 36-38 inch row spacing
o 18 inches/person in pews
o Maximum 24 persons/row
o 7 sf/person for non-fixed seating
o Example: 500 seat auditorium = 750 lf of pews (actual capacity is 80%: 400)
o Chair widths: 21-22 inches
o Barrier Free seating:
• 4-25 capacity = 1 space
• 26-50 = 2
• 51-300 = 4
• 301-500 = 6
• 500+ = 6, plus 1 for each increase of 100
o Center aisle width 5-6 ft
o Side aisle width 4 ft
o Balcony?:
• Layout based on site lines – rear location is best
• Capacity to be less than 50% of main level
• Riser depth 3 ft
• Cross aisles 4 ft minimum
o Expansion space for large attendance times
o Possibly use “multiform” plan type time-saver standards for building types 4th edition
o Air-conditioning!
o Use of natural light and artificial light
o Allow 12 sf per seat (including platform, sacristy, vestry and vestibule
o Allow 8 sf per person if only seating area plus aisles
o Altar: 48-96 inches long x 28-48 inches wide x 40 inches high
Chancel:
o Choir Area: churchplansforless.com
• Minimum 10-12% of Sanctuary capacity
• Maximum 35% for large churches
• Choir rows to be 36-42 inches
• Movable chairs at 24 inches width per person and 36 inches back to back
o Platform: churchplansforless.com
• 7-15 feet minimum front to back
• 10-12 feet clear to front row
• 6 inches above main floor
o Altar/communion rail: 36 inches a.f.f. maximum with 6-8 inch broad top
o Organ and piano
o Band area
o Projection screen(s)
Vestry: Pastor robing room with connected private toilet room (adjacent to Chancel)
Baptistry Area:
o Inside dimensions: 4 x 7 ft minimum
o Water depth: 42-44 inches
o Baptistry floor approximately 39 inches above last choir row
Robing Rooms
Toilet Rooms
Media Control
Bride’s Room and Toilet: near rear of Sanctuary
Cry Room (adjacent to Sanctuary)
Usher
Coat Rooms adjacent to Lobby
Choir Rehearsal Room and Robing Rooms: near Sanctuary
Offices:
o Pastor’s study (250-325 sf)
o Director of Christian Education
o Church School Superintendent
o Staff offices (150-200 sf each): Secretary, Treasurer, Choir Director
o Other needs: reception, work rooms, storage/closets, lounge, kitchenette, copier
Fellowship Hall:
o Dining capacity: 50% of Sanctuary seating capacity
o 15 sf / person for table seating
o Multi-purpose space that can be divided into classrooms by movable partitions
Kitchen:
o Commercial grade, stainless steel equipment
o Locate cooking line on exterior wall for hood exhaust
o Alternative “warming kitchen” to have 2 residential dishwashers, 2 microwaves, and 2 ranges
Storage
Janitor’s Closet
o 1 per every 10,000 sf of building
o No building area farther than 150 ft
M/E spaces
Bookstore?
Educational Facilities:
o 45-55 sf per person
o Nursery (infants, toddlers, crib room, toilet):
• 35 sf per child
• 12 x 18 ft minimum each room
• Windowsills minimum 24 inches a.f.f.
• Provide tack boards from 14-48 inches a.f.f.
• Separate infant and toddler rooms
• Nursery I (birth to 18 mos): maximum 8-10 cribs/bassinets per room (at 3 ft intervals), changing tables
• Nursery II (18-35 mos): maximum 8 children per room, adjoining toilet room with junior fixtures (toilets 10 inches and sinks 24 inches a.f.f.)
• Nursery III (age 3): maximum 15 children per room, adjoining toilet room…see above
o Children’s classes (see under School above)
• Kindergarten I (age 4): 35 sf / child – up to 20 children per room
• Kindergarten II (age 5): 35 sf / child – up to 20 children per room
• Kindergarten tack boards from 24-54 inches a.f.f.
• 1st grade (age 6) / 2nd grade (age 7) / 3rd grade (age 8): 30 sf / child – up to 25 children per room
• same for 4th, 5th and 6th grades
• Provide a larger assembly space
o Youth and Adult classes (12-15 sf per person):
• Junior High: 60-100 children in groups of 15-20
• High School: 50-90 children in groups of 20
• College Group: up to 50
• Young Adults (age 24-35): 25 max per room, 10 sf per person
• Adults (35-64) – on first floor
• Older adults (65 +) – on first floor
• Family Counseling
o Boy Scouts/Girl Scouts/Brownies/?
Chapel
Children’s Chapel (use Fellowship Hall)
Vestibule/Lobby/Narthex:
o 2-3 sf per seat in Sanctuary
o For lobby into Fellowship Hall or Sunday School spaces: 20-27% of Sanctuary space
o Visitor Center area
Welcome Room/Church Parlor with fireplace
Parking:
1 space for each 6 seats in the Sanctuary (1 for each 3 according to churchplansforless.com)
1 space for each 2 employees of Child Care Center
3 spaces for each 2 classrooms OR 1 space for each 4 seats in Auditorium [Elementary]
3 spaces for each 2 classrooms OR 1 space for each 3 seats in Auditorium [Middle School]
5 spaces for each classroom OR 1 space for each 2 seats in Auditorium [High School]
Parking spaces: 9 ft X 20 ft
Parking lot aisle width: 20 ft
124 cars / acre
Site/areas:
Elementary (10 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…
Middle School (20 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…
High School (30 acres and 1 acre for each 100 students) englehardt’s complete guide…
Available current site (2 areas): 13.5 acres
Building area per student: ohio school design manual
o Elementary (114.4 sf)
o Middle School (136.7 sf)
o High School (154.2 sf)
Church site ideal sizes:
o Rural (200 people/acre) [13.5 x 200 = 2700]
o Suburban (150 people/acre) [13.5 x 150 = 2025]
o Urban (75-100 people/acre) [13.5 x 75 = 1012; 13.5 x 100 = 1350]
c3 SITE ANALYSIS
site analysis (7/23/03_more missing photos, maps, etc...sorry charlie!)
Potential site location: northwest intersection of highways I-75 and I-94, Central City, Detroit, MI
From Abstract: For the site of my complex, I have investigated Michigan’s Renaissance Zones. Property in the city of Detroit’s Renaissance Zones is eligible for a 100% exemption for most property taxes, state and city income taxes, and the Single Business Tax for twelve years. One of the nine sub-zones is a 67.8-acre area in Detroit’s Central City. I have chosen an area of approximately 20 acres nearest the northwest interchange of interstates I-75 and I-94 (Tentatively set as 900 Harper Avenue). This location allows the reuse of existing land in the city of Detroit and is important to my complex in that it is in a highly visible location next to two major highways. The preparation of this site will include some demolition of existing abandoned buildings that are in very poor condition. I will investigate all that is required and involved with the demolition of existing buildings, specifically with city of Detroit requirements and fees.
The above aerial photograph shows the general vicinity of my proposed site. The east-west highway is I-94 and the north-south highway is I-75. My site area is approximately in the center of the image. Following are color and black & white photographs that I took of the site and surrounding area:
corner of Hastings and Piquette
corner of Harper and Mansur toward site
corner of Harper and Mansur toward site
nice garbage at fence corner
across I-75 toward site
from Piquette I-75 bridge toward site
from site looking across I-75
from Piquette I-75 bridge looking down street
from Mansur toward site
corner of Hastings and Piquette toward site
new housing a couple blocks from site
Harper Ave toward St. Antoine St.
existing building on St. Antoine St.
looking west down Harper Ave. – site on left
Hastings and Harper toward site
site from Harper Ave.
site from Piquette St.
corner of Piquette and Hastings
looking down Piquette St. toward site
Harper Ave. toward site
This is the map of the Central City Subzone of the Detroit Renaissance Zone and a street map of the area:
Basic analysis of the site: an essentially ‘flat’ urban site in the city of Detroit. I intend my complex to encompass approximately 20 acres of the Renaissance Zone closest to the interstate interchange. Following is a sketch of the site indicating in blue the Harper/Hastings area for my church complex:
I plan to locate the main approach to the complex to be from the northeast intersection of Harper Avenue and Hastings Street. The south-facing facility will incorporate those environmental issues previously discussed in the Thesis and Theory sections of this document. I may build up the grade of the site to have to overall area slope from one corner to the other to add interest to the site and to allow even greater visibility from the interstates nearby.
As previously mentioned in my Theory section of the program, I have researched the 2000 Census information. The following diagrams of my site area show summaries of data:
This is the housing map. The darker the color, the more populated the area is. The lightest color indicates areas that are totally vacant. The darkest green is up to 82 persons.
This map indicates the percentage of housing units that are vacant. Again, the darker green areas are the most used housing units (as of 2000).
This map shows the median age of persons occupying these housing units. The darker greens are the older age groups.
Because this part of Detroit is predominantly black, this map indicates those areas occupied by blacks or black combined with any other race. The darker colors again indicate the larger concentrations of this race group.
Potential site location: northwest intersection of highways I-75 and I-94, Central City, Detroit, MI
From Abstract: For the site of my complex, I have investigated Michigan’s Renaissance Zones. Property in the city of Detroit’s Renaissance Zones is eligible for a 100% exemption for most property taxes, state and city income taxes, and the Single Business Tax for twelve years. One of the nine sub-zones is a 67.8-acre area in Detroit’s Central City. I have chosen an area of approximately 20 acres nearest the northwest interchange of interstates I-75 and I-94 (Tentatively set as 900 Harper Avenue). This location allows the reuse of existing land in the city of Detroit and is important to my complex in that it is in a highly visible location next to two major highways. The preparation of this site will include some demolition of existing abandoned buildings that are in very poor condition. I will investigate all that is required and involved with the demolition of existing buildings, specifically with city of Detroit requirements and fees.
The above aerial photograph shows the general vicinity of my proposed site. The east-west highway is I-94 and the north-south highway is I-75. My site area is approximately in the center of the image. Following are color and black & white photographs that I took of the site and surrounding area:
corner of Hastings and Piquette
corner of Harper and Mansur toward site
corner of Harper and Mansur toward site
nice garbage at fence corner
across I-75 toward site
from Piquette I-75 bridge toward site
from site looking across I-75
from Piquette I-75 bridge looking down street
from Mansur toward site
corner of Hastings and Piquette toward site
new housing a couple blocks from site
Harper Ave toward St. Antoine St.
existing building on St. Antoine St.
looking west down Harper Ave. – site on left
Hastings and Harper toward site
site from Harper Ave.
site from Piquette St.
corner of Piquette and Hastings
looking down Piquette St. toward site
Harper Ave. toward site
This is the map of the Central City Subzone of the Detroit Renaissance Zone and a street map of the area:
Basic analysis of the site: an essentially ‘flat’ urban site in the city of Detroit. I intend my complex to encompass approximately 20 acres of the Renaissance Zone closest to the interstate interchange. Following is a sketch of the site indicating in blue the Harper/Hastings area for my church complex:
I plan to locate the main approach to the complex to be from the northeast intersection of Harper Avenue and Hastings Street. The south-facing facility will incorporate those environmental issues previously discussed in the Thesis and Theory sections of this document. I may build up the grade of the site to have to overall area slope from one corner to the other to add interest to the site and to allow even greater visibility from the interstates nearby.
As previously mentioned in my Theory section of the program, I have researched the 2000 Census information. The following diagrams of my site area show summaries of data:
This is the housing map. The darker the color, the more populated the area is. The lightest color indicates areas that are totally vacant. The darkest green is up to 82 persons.
This map indicates the percentage of housing units that are vacant. Again, the darker green areas are the most used housing units (as of 2000).
This map shows the median age of persons occupying these housing units. The darker greens are the older age groups.
Because this part of Detroit is predominantly black, this map indicates those areas occupied by blacks or black combined with any other race. The darker colors again indicate the larger concentrations of this race group.
c3 PROJECT TYPE PRECEDENTS
project type precedents (7/23/03 - this section had many photos with it originally, which are missing here...sorry if it's confusing!)
Similar precedents studied include the following five (5) projects:
1. Conference Center for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Salt Lake City, Utah
Architect – Zimmer Gunsel Frasca Partnership
2. Good Shepherd Catholic Church
Miami, Florida
Architect – Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company
3. Gethsemane Episcopal Cathedral
Fargo, North Dakota
Architect – Moore/Andersson Architects
4. Centenary United Methodist Church
Lexington, Kentucky
Architect – Omni Architects
5. Church of the Nativity
Rancho Sante Fe, California
Architect – Moore Ruble Yudell Architects & Planners
conference center for the church of jesus christ of latter-day saints
Salt Lake City, Utah
Zimmer Gunsel Frasca Partnership
Completed April 2000
Site Plan
Orchestra Level Plan
Terrace Level Plan
Balcony Level Plan
Overview: The Conference Center sits on a full ten-acre site and is 1.1 million square feet. The auditorium’s three levels can seat 21,000 people and is the largest religious assembly hall in the United States. The Center also contains four acres of landscaped roof spaces, a 900-person theater, the home to the 325-member Mormon Tabernacle Choir, and a 1,400-car underground parking structure.
conference center
theater
roof gardens
water feature
water feature
auditorium
spire w/ water feature
conference center
pipe organ
water feature
Conceptual/theoretical/site/design approaches: The design firm was chosen because of “their sensitivity to urban design. We needed a firm that could fit this building into a landscape that includes single-family homes a block away” (Betsky 2001). The client wanted a facility that would be imposing, due to its size, and also have the feeling of a theater, not an arena. “The architect’s response was to pretend the building wasn’t really there. Using the 65-foot slope from one corner of the site to the other, he buried the center under terraced gardens, stairs, ramps, and waterfalls, leaving only a stripped-down temple front to face Temple Square as a main entrance. Visitors can enter at both the orchestra and the balcony level, further minimizing the sense of monumentality” (Betsky 2001). The auditorium projects its warmth through the finishes, and every seat can easily hear and see (unobstructed) the podium up to over 300 feet away. Elegant woodwork is incorporated throughout the conference center, including cherry, pear and mahogany. Plenty of natural light punctuate through the gray granite exterior. Recirculating water flows from the 92-foot spire and cascades 67 feet down the south face of the building in multiple level drops. 300 varieties of Utah wildflowers and 21 native grasses grow on the rooftop gardens. The gardens are planted on top of six inches of foam insulation and feature a full irrigation system to reduce long-term maintenance costs. The conference center honors the physical, historical and spiritual significance of the Temple Square (the adjacent block – see Site Plan above), and transforms the building into landscape by creating a series of terraces that respond to the dramatically sloping site. The terraces create a garden setting that allows the building to participate in the life of the city throughout the year.
good shepherd catholic church
Miami, Florida
Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company
Designed 1990
above: church logo
right: site plan
bottom left: exterior elevation
bottom right: floor plan
Overview: The Good Shepherd Church sits on an eight-acre site in a Miami Suburb. The site includes a central plaza that is defined by the church, two existing parish buildings, and a future school. The church and office complex is 25,800 square feet.
exterior
sanctuary
exterior
sanctuary
Conceptual/theoretical/site/design approaches: The building derives its aesthetics from the proportion of its spaces, openings, and structural elements. “The plan addresses two conflicting parish perspectives regarding worship spaces, a liturgical dichotomy present in the modern Catholic Church. One contingent wanted a church with a tall, linear, and symmetrical nave and the altar at one end. The other faction wanted a post-Vatican II space that seated the congregation around the altar to encourage greater participation. The resolution of these two contrary directives yielded the two principal spaces: a traditional long, tall, and narrow narthex with the entry tower at one end and the baptismal font at its center; and a square nave containing an altar that is almost completely surrounded by the assembly, the choir, and the presider” (Crosbie 1999). The building’s interior is filled with natural light and uses passive solar techniques to minimize heat load. The main assembly space is surrounded by clerestory windows and is shielded by a 7-foot overhang to protect from direct sunlight. The clerestory windows allow for natural cross-ventilation throughout the building. Vents and speakers are hidden behind perforated louvered panels. The plan is based off of a seven-foot grid module and the nave has twelve columns representing the original twelve apostles.
gethsemane episcopal cathedral
Fargo, North Dakota
Moore/Andersson Architects
Floor Plan
Building Section
Overview: The cathedral seats 350 with expansion to double that capacity in the great hall to the west of the sanctuary. A 40-seat chapel, a narthex, and a courtyard with a covered loggia are also part of the building. Classrooms and support spaces are grouped to the north of the entry.
exterior
chapel
sanctuary
sanctuary
Conceptual/theoretical/site/design approaches: This cathedral replaces the original building that was in-town of Fargo that was destroyed by fire; the congregation chose to relocate to a site that allows for greater expansion. The plan is based off the typical cruciform plan. The furniture and elements within the sanctuary are movable to allow for flexibility for future worship needs. The classroom spaces are separated from the worship spaces to the north to provide a buffer from winter winds. Exterior materials were chosen to take on the vernacular of farm buildings of the region: whitewashed board and batten siding, metal standing seam roofing, and green shingles. The interior spaces use concrete block walls, concrete floors, and painted wood trusses. “The woodwork recalls the ornament of the original church” (Crosbie 1999). A ‘memory palace’ space is created in the great hall to hold artifacts saved from the original church to keep memories alive for future generations of the congregation. This cathedral was the last major project by architect Charles Moore. He incorporated the cathedral organ, built by Robert Sipe of Dallas, Texas, into the sanctuary; its voicing is notable for both warmth and clarity.
centenary united methodist church
Lexington, Kentucky
Omni Architects
floor plan
axonometric
Overview: The church complex is placed on a 14-acre site and includes a 1,200 seat sanctuary, 20,000 square-foot Family Life Center, a 125 seat chancel, a 3,600 square-foot Fellowship Hall, a kitchen that can serve 600, and a 35,000 square-foot educational wing. The educational wing includes 12 pre-school, 10 elementary, 6 youth, and 14 adult education classrooms. Offices and other support spaces are located central within the layout to allow for maximum visibility and accessibility.
exterior
gymnasium
exterior
exterior
exterior
sanctuary
interior
sanctuary
Conceptual/theoretical/site/design approaches: The complex was placed on the “site to maximize the building area, yet with a minimum of disturbances of the existing site features and views. The church’s placement at the high point gives it added stature” (Crosbie 1999). One of the major design concerns was to construct the project in a durable and timeless material, for which brick was ultimately chosen. The design is organized around a central courtyard with three major components: worship space, education space and fellowship space. The fellowship hall includes ample recreation space. The sanctuary utilizes natural light from above and features “crisp, simple detailing.” The sanctuary uses sloped seating to allow for optimum visibility of the central pulpit. It also includes a large pipe organ, a baptismal, and a sophisticated sound system. The chancel is designed to be flexible with movable liturgical furniture. Structure and organization of the building utilizes masonry as the main building material. A mediation garden links the wings and serves as a setting for arts and crafts fairs, performances and liturgical processions. A fountain is designed based on the ‘River of Life’ and travels from the sanctuary to a quiet pool. A garden at the base of the bell tower is designed for “personal meditation with an atmosphere of quiet solitude.” Trails leading from the facility meander down the hillside and provide access to a stream and outdoor recreation and educational spaces including picnic areas, field recreation, jogging/walking trails, and an outdoor chapel and performance areas. The Family Life Center is viewed as an opportunity to address physical and mental health of membership.
fountain
courtyard
church of the nativity
Rancho Sante Fe, California
Moore Ruble Yudell Architects & Planners
Site Plan / Floor Plan
Building Section
Overview: The church sanctuary holds 550 people in a semi-circular layout. Future plans call for a school behind the church compound and will be linked to it by porches, gardens and courts.
covered walkway heading toward sanctuary
narthex entrance
sanctuary
sanctuary
Conceptual/theoretical/site/design approaches: The main concept behind the design of the complex was to create a parish around which a Christian community would develop, much like early missionaries. A walled compound is created creating a “sense of a place apart from, yet open to, the community” (Crosbie 1999). “A dirt road on axis with the church building leads through a grove of trees to the main cloister. This notion of a protected cloister is also commonly found in early missions. The cloister combines paved surfaces with gardens, creating gathering spaces. The complex includes the church building, a parish hall, four chapels, and a columbarium; they are all oriented inward toward a central protected courtyard. A tower dominates the courtyard to mark the skyline commonly associated with older missions. The sanctuary arranges the seating in a fan creating a strong sense of “community and proximity to the celebrants.” The altar wall utilizes indirect natural light.
Similar precedents studied include the following five (5) projects:
1. Conference Center for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Salt Lake City, Utah
Architect – Zimmer Gunsel Frasca Partnership
2. Good Shepherd Catholic Church
Miami, Florida
Architect – Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company
3. Gethsemane Episcopal Cathedral
Fargo, North Dakota
Architect – Moore/Andersson Architects
4. Centenary United Methodist Church
Lexington, Kentucky
Architect – Omni Architects
5. Church of the Nativity
Rancho Sante Fe, California
Architect – Moore Ruble Yudell Architects & Planners
conference center for the church of jesus christ of latter-day saints
Salt Lake City, Utah
Zimmer Gunsel Frasca Partnership
Completed April 2000
Site Plan
Orchestra Level Plan
Terrace Level Plan
Balcony Level Plan
Overview: The Conference Center sits on a full ten-acre site and is 1.1 million square feet. The auditorium’s three levels can seat 21,000 people and is the largest religious assembly hall in the United States. The Center also contains four acres of landscaped roof spaces, a 900-person theater, the home to the 325-member Mormon Tabernacle Choir, and a 1,400-car underground parking structure.
conference center
theater
roof gardens
water feature
water feature
auditorium
spire w/ water feature
conference center
pipe organ
water feature
Conceptual/theoretical/site/design approaches: The design firm was chosen because of “their sensitivity to urban design. We needed a firm that could fit this building into a landscape that includes single-family homes a block away” (Betsky 2001). The client wanted a facility that would be imposing, due to its size, and also have the feeling of a theater, not an arena. “The architect’s response was to pretend the building wasn’t really there. Using the 65-foot slope from one corner of the site to the other, he buried the center under terraced gardens, stairs, ramps, and waterfalls, leaving only a stripped-down temple front to face Temple Square as a main entrance. Visitors can enter at both the orchestra and the balcony level, further minimizing the sense of monumentality” (Betsky 2001). The auditorium projects its warmth through the finishes, and every seat can easily hear and see (unobstructed) the podium up to over 300 feet away. Elegant woodwork is incorporated throughout the conference center, including cherry, pear and mahogany. Plenty of natural light punctuate through the gray granite exterior. Recirculating water flows from the 92-foot spire and cascades 67 feet down the south face of the building in multiple level drops. 300 varieties of Utah wildflowers and 21 native grasses grow on the rooftop gardens. The gardens are planted on top of six inches of foam insulation and feature a full irrigation system to reduce long-term maintenance costs. The conference center honors the physical, historical and spiritual significance of the Temple Square (the adjacent block – see Site Plan above), and transforms the building into landscape by creating a series of terraces that respond to the dramatically sloping site. The terraces create a garden setting that allows the building to participate in the life of the city throughout the year.
good shepherd catholic church
Miami, Florida
Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company
Designed 1990
above: church logo
right: site plan
bottom left: exterior elevation
bottom right: floor plan
Overview: The Good Shepherd Church sits on an eight-acre site in a Miami Suburb. The site includes a central plaza that is defined by the church, two existing parish buildings, and a future school. The church and office complex is 25,800 square feet.
exterior
sanctuary
exterior
sanctuary
Conceptual/theoretical/site/design approaches: The building derives its aesthetics from the proportion of its spaces, openings, and structural elements. “The plan addresses two conflicting parish perspectives regarding worship spaces, a liturgical dichotomy present in the modern Catholic Church. One contingent wanted a church with a tall, linear, and symmetrical nave and the altar at one end. The other faction wanted a post-Vatican II space that seated the congregation around the altar to encourage greater participation. The resolution of these two contrary directives yielded the two principal spaces: a traditional long, tall, and narrow narthex with the entry tower at one end and the baptismal font at its center; and a square nave containing an altar that is almost completely surrounded by the assembly, the choir, and the presider” (Crosbie 1999). The building’s interior is filled with natural light and uses passive solar techniques to minimize heat load. The main assembly space is surrounded by clerestory windows and is shielded by a 7-foot overhang to protect from direct sunlight. The clerestory windows allow for natural cross-ventilation throughout the building. Vents and speakers are hidden behind perforated louvered panels. The plan is based off of a seven-foot grid module and the nave has twelve columns representing the original twelve apostles.
gethsemane episcopal cathedral
Fargo, North Dakota
Moore/Andersson Architects
Floor Plan
Building Section
Overview: The cathedral seats 350 with expansion to double that capacity in the great hall to the west of the sanctuary. A 40-seat chapel, a narthex, and a courtyard with a covered loggia are also part of the building. Classrooms and support spaces are grouped to the north of the entry.
exterior
chapel
sanctuary
sanctuary
Conceptual/theoretical/site/design approaches: This cathedral replaces the original building that was in-town of Fargo that was destroyed by fire; the congregation chose to relocate to a site that allows for greater expansion. The plan is based off the typical cruciform plan. The furniture and elements within the sanctuary are movable to allow for flexibility for future worship needs. The classroom spaces are separated from the worship spaces to the north to provide a buffer from winter winds. Exterior materials were chosen to take on the vernacular of farm buildings of the region: whitewashed board and batten siding, metal standing seam roofing, and green shingles. The interior spaces use concrete block walls, concrete floors, and painted wood trusses. “The woodwork recalls the ornament of the original church” (Crosbie 1999). A ‘memory palace’ space is created in the great hall to hold artifacts saved from the original church to keep memories alive for future generations of the congregation. This cathedral was the last major project by architect Charles Moore. He incorporated the cathedral organ, built by Robert Sipe of Dallas, Texas, into the sanctuary; its voicing is notable for both warmth and clarity.
centenary united methodist church
Lexington, Kentucky
Omni Architects
floor plan
axonometric
Overview: The church complex is placed on a 14-acre site and includes a 1,200 seat sanctuary, 20,000 square-foot Family Life Center, a 125 seat chancel, a 3,600 square-foot Fellowship Hall, a kitchen that can serve 600, and a 35,000 square-foot educational wing. The educational wing includes 12 pre-school, 10 elementary, 6 youth, and 14 adult education classrooms. Offices and other support spaces are located central within the layout to allow for maximum visibility and accessibility.
exterior
gymnasium
exterior
exterior
exterior
sanctuary
interior
sanctuary
Conceptual/theoretical/site/design approaches: The complex was placed on the “site to maximize the building area, yet with a minimum of disturbances of the existing site features and views. The church’s placement at the high point gives it added stature” (Crosbie 1999). One of the major design concerns was to construct the project in a durable and timeless material, for which brick was ultimately chosen. The design is organized around a central courtyard with three major components: worship space, education space and fellowship space. The fellowship hall includes ample recreation space. The sanctuary utilizes natural light from above and features “crisp, simple detailing.” The sanctuary uses sloped seating to allow for optimum visibility of the central pulpit. It also includes a large pipe organ, a baptismal, and a sophisticated sound system. The chancel is designed to be flexible with movable liturgical furniture. Structure and organization of the building utilizes masonry as the main building material. A mediation garden links the wings and serves as a setting for arts and crafts fairs, performances and liturgical processions. A fountain is designed based on the ‘River of Life’ and travels from the sanctuary to a quiet pool. A garden at the base of the bell tower is designed for “personal meditation with an atmosphere of quiet solitude.” Trails leading from the facility meander down the hillside and provide access to a stream and outdoor recreation and educational spaces including picnic areas, field recreation, jogging/walking trails, and an outdoor chapel and performance areas. The Family Life Center is viewed as an opportunity to address physical and mental health of membership.
fountain
courtyard
church of the nativity
Rancho Sante Fe, California
Moore Ruble Yudell Architects & Planners
Site Plan / Floor Plan
Building Section
Overview: The church sanctuary holds 550 people in a semi-circular layout. Future plans call for a school behind the church compound and will be linked to it by porches, gardens and courts.
covered walkway heading toward sanctuary
narthex entrance
sanctuary
sanctuary
Conceptual/theoretical/site/design approaches: The main concept behind the design of the complex was to create a parish around which a Christian community would develop, much like early missionaries. A walled compound is created creating a “sense of a place apart from, yet open to, the community” (Crosbie 1999). “A dirt road on axis with the church building leads through a grove of trees to the main cloister. This notion of a protected cloister is also commonly found in early missions. The cloister combines paved surfaces with gardens, creating gathering spaces. The complex includes the church building, a parish hall, four chapels, and a columbarium; they are all oriented inward toward a central protected courtyard. A tower dominates the courtyard to mark the skyline commonly associated with older missions. The sanctuary arranges the seating in a fan creating a strong sense of “community and proximity to the celebrants.” The altar wall utilizes indirect natural light.
c3 RESEARCH PROPOSAL PROGRAM
research proposal program (7/23/03)
This is my architectural bibliography of sources that have been and will be researched and utilized while developing my thesis throughout the design process:
1. Bachman, Leonard R. Integrated Buildings: The Systems Basis of Architecture. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley, 2003.
2. Betsky, Aaron. “Built on Faith.” Architecture August 2001: 102-109.
3. Bourbon, Fabio and Enrico Lavagno. The Holy Land: Guide to the Archaeological Sites and Historical Monuments. Vercelli, Italy: White Star/Barnes & Noble, 2001.
4. Bowyer, Jack. The Evolution of Church Building. New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1977.
5. Chiat, Marilyn J. America’s Religious Architecture: Sacred Places for Every Community. New York: Wiley, 1997.
6. Coppack, Glyn. Book of Abbeys and Priories. London: B. T. Batsford/English Heritage, 1990.
7. Crosbie, Michael J. Architecture for the Gods. Mulgrave, Australia: The Images Publishing Group, 1999.
8. Elizabeth, Lynne and Adams, Cassandra. Alternative Construction: Contemporary Natural Building Methods. New York: Wiley, 2000.
9. Erley, Duncan and Martin Jaffe. Site Planning for Solar Access: A Guidebook for Residential Developers and Site Planners. Chicago: Diane Publishing Company, 1997.
10. Fry, Plantagenet Somerset. Castles of Britain and Ireland. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.
11. Hart, Sara. “A New Era in School Construction Begins.” Architectural Record February 2001: 155-160.
12. Hawkes, Nigel. Structures: The Way Things are Built. New York: Macmillan, 1993.
13. Kiuchi, Tachi and Bill Shireman. What We Learned in the Rainforest: Business Lessons from Nature. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2002.
14. Leroux-Dhuys, Jean-Fracois. Cistercian Abbeys: History and Architecture. Paris: Konemann, 1998.
15. Liss, Helene. Demolition: The Art of Demolishing, Dismantling, Imploding, Toppling & Razing. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal, 2000.
16. McRaven, Charles. Stonework: Techniques and Projects. Pownal, Vermont: Storey Books, 1997.
17. Petersen, Dennis R. Unlocking the Mysteries of Creation. El Dorado, CA: Creation Resource Publications / Master Books, 2002.
18. Schwolsky, Rick and James I. Williams. The Builder’s Guide to Solar Construction. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982.
19. Scully, Vincent. Architecture: The Natural and the Manmade. London: Harvill, 1991.
20. Vale, Brenda and Robert. Green Architecture: Design for an Energy-Conscious Future. Boston: Bulfinch Press Book, 1991.
21. Warner, Philip. The Medieval Castle: Life in a Fortress in Peace and War. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1971.
22. Wilson, Alex, Jennifer L. Uncapher, Lisa McManigal, L. Hunter Lovins, Maureen Cureton and William D. Browning. Green Development: Integrating Ecology and Real Estate. New York: Wiley, 1998.
23. Woolley, Tom, Sam Kimmins, Paul Harrison and Rob Harrison. Green Building Handbook: A Guide to Building Products and Their Impact on the Environment. London: E & FN Spon, 1997.
24. Yeang, Ken. The Green Skyscraper: The Basis for Designing Sustainable Intensive Buildings. Munich: Prestel, 1999.
25. Zeiher, Laura C. The Ecology of Architecture: A Complete Guide to Creating the Environmentally Conscious Building. New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1996.
This is my architectural bibliography of sources that have been and will be researched and utilized while developing my thesis throughout the design process:
1. Bachman, Leonard R. Integrated Buildings: The Systems Basis of Architecture. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley, 2003.
2. Betsky, Aaron. “Built on Faith.” Architecture August 2001: 102-109.
3. Bourbon, Fabio and Enrico Lavagno. The Holy Land: Guide to the Archaeological Sites and Historical Monuments. Vercelli, Italy: White Star/Barnes & Noble, 2001.
4. Bowyer, Jack. The Evolution of Church Building. New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1977.
5. Chiat, Marilyn J. America’s Religious Architecture: Sacred Places for Every Community. New York: Wiley, 1997.
6. Coppack, Glyn. Book of Abbeys and Priories. London: B. T. Batsford/English Heritage, 1990.
7. Crosbie, Michael J. Architecture for the Gods. Mulgrave, Australia: The Images Publishing Group, 1999.
8. Elizabeth, Lynne and Adams, Cassandra. Alternative Construction: Contemporary Natural Building Methods. New York: Wiley, 2000.
9. Erley, Duncan and Martin Jaffe. Site Planning for Solar Access: A Guidebook for Residential Developers and Site Planners. Chicago: Diane Publishing Company, 1997.
10. Fry, Plantagenet Somerset. Castles of Britain and Ireland. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.
11. Hart, Sara. “A New Era in School Construction Begins.” Architectural Record February 2001: 155-160.
12. Hawkes, Nigel. Structures: The Way Things are Built. New York: Macmillan, 1993.
13. Kiuchi, Tachi and Bill Shireman. What We Learned in the Rainforest: Business Lessons from Nature. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2002.
14. Leroux-Dhuys, Jean-Fracois. Cistercian Abbeys: History and Architecture. Paris: Konemann, 1998.
15. Liss, Helene. Demolition: The Art of Demolishing, Dismantling, Imploding, Toppling & Razing. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal, 2000.
16. McRaven, Charles. Stonework: Techniques and Projects. Pownal, Vermont: Storey Books, 1997.
17. Petersen, Dennis R. Unlocking the Mysteries of Creation. El Dorado, CA: Creation Resource Publications / Master Books, 2002.
18. Schwolsky, Rick and James I. Williams. The Builder’s Guide to Solar Construction. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982.
19. Scully, Vincent. Architecture: The Natural and the Manmade. London: Harvill, 1991.
20. Vale, Brenda and Robert. Green Architecture: Design for an Energy-Conscious Future. Boston: Bulfinch Press Book, 1991.
21. Warner, Philip. The Medieval Castle: Life in a Fortress in Peace and War. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1971.
22. Wilson, Alex, Jennifer L. Uncapher, Lisa McManigal, L. Hunter Lovins, Maureen Cureton and William D. Browning. Green Development: Integrating Ecology and Real Estate. New York: Wiley, 1998.
23. Woolley, Tom, Sam Kimmins, Paul Harrison and Rob Harrison. Green Building Handbook: A Guide to Building Products and Their Impact on the Environment. London: E & FN Spon, 1997.
24. Yeang, Ken. The Green Skyscraper: The Basis for Designing Sustainable Intensive Buildings. Munich: Prestel, 1999.
25. Zeiher, Laura C. The Ecology of Architecture: A Complete Guide to Creating the Environmentally Conscious Building. New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1996.
c3 THESIS GOALS
thesis goals (7/23/03)
My design goals involve investigating both church design and school design (K-12).
The study of the design of churches will be the most important aspect of my thesis since my building type is a place of worship. I plan to look at past and present floor plan layouts as well as elevation studies to achieve the goals that I have for my design.
Church complexes of medieval England, for example encompassed great site plans with many different structures. An image from Glyn Coppack’s Abbeys and Priories (1990) shows the Grove Priory which was excavated between 1973 and 1989 is to the right:
Examples of past church complexes show the complications of a multi-phase site, including old cobbled floors and roadways. They were essentially a community within themselves. This would be an interesting aspect to investigate – trying to provide such a facility in a modern-day urban location.
Other studies of present-day similar projects will be addressed in my program section Project Type Precedents. These include the Conference Center for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in Salt Lake City,
Utah; the Good Shepherd Catholic Church in Miami, Florida; the Gethsemane Episcopal Cathedral in Fargo, North Dakota; Centenary United Methodist Church is Lexington, Kentucky; and the Church of the Nativity in Rancho Sante Fe, California.
School design, specifically for church day-care/nursery and K-12 education will be researched extensively also, since I intend my complex to incorporate this feature in my design. I plan to investigate the specific city, state, and federal requirements for school facilities for the Detroit area. Other resources such as the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Design Guidelines for High Performance Schools will be looked at and adapted into my specific design. Typical space requirements can be researched and found for all age groups of education. I will touch more on this subject in my Space Requirements section of Thesis Proposal Program.
Also, since my proposed site has abandoned buildings currently on it, I will plan to research what is involved with demolition costs and methods, and what city regulations might require.
My design goals involve investigating both church design and school design (K-12).
The study of the design of churches will be the most important aspect of my thesis since my building type is a place of worship. I plan to look at past and present floor plan layouts as well as elevation studies to achieve the goals that I have for my design.
Church complexes of medieval England, for example encompassed great site plans with many different structures. An image from Glyn Coppack’s Abbeys and Priories (1990) shows the Grove Priory which was excavated between 1973 and 1989 is to the right:
Examples of past church complexes show the complications of a multi-phase site, including old cobbled floors and roadways. They were essentially a community within themselves. This would be an interesting aspect to investigate – trying to provide such a facility in a modern-day urban location.
Other studies of present-day similar projects will be addressed in my program section Project Type Precedents. These include the Conference Center for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in Salt Lake City,
Utah; the Good Shepherd Catholic Church in Miami, Florida; the Gethsemane Episcopal Cathedral in Fargo, North Dakota; Centenary United Methodist Church is Lexington, Kentucky; and the Church of the Nativity in Rancho Sante Fe, California.
School design, specifically for church day-care/nursery and K-12 education will be researched extensively also, since I intend my complex to incorporate this feature in my design. I plan to investigate the specific city, state, and federal requirements for school facilities for the Detroit area. Other resources such as the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Design Guidelines for High Performance Schools will be looked at and adapted into my specific design. Typical space requirements can be researched and found for all age groups of education. I will touch more on this subject in my Space Requirements section of Thesis Proposal Program.
Also, since my proposed site has abandoned buildings currently on it, I will plan to research what is involved with demolition costs and methods, and what city regulations might require.
c3 RATIONALE
rationale (7/23/03)
Significant factors relating to my proposed thesis topic deal with modern day life and future norms of the architectural field, especially in regards to designing places of worship.
A mere four years ago, a statement was made by Fr. Richard S. Vosko, Ph.D.: “Perhaps the wake-up call sounding the pressing issues affecting the environment has not yet stirred the hearts of the design community” (Crosbie, 1999). However, during this same era, a movement toward sustainable design and natural building in the residential architecture world became more and more apparent (Elizabeth and Adams, 2000).
I chose this topic because I have a personal interest in learning more about sustainability practices, and I specifically mentioned places of worship due to my interest in that building type. My goals and purpose for researching sustainable and ecologically designed church architecture is to show how places of worship can apply practices of sustainability in the design of their facilities. This type of architecture places high value on social and environmental sustainability and emphasizes techniques using locally available, renewable resources. The term sustainable can be defined as of, relating to, or being a material of harvesting or using a resource so that the resource is not depleted or permanently damaged (Zeiher, 1996). “Sustainability is one of the most significant concepts of this decade, influencing the design of global government policy, economics, energy resources, technology, manufacturing, community planning, and architecture” (Zeiher, 1996).
I am focusing on church architecture because of my personal interest in religion and because many groups today are becoming increasingly aware and conscience of how caring for the earth (creation) is important to all of life (Krause, 1994). I also intend to study what various organizations world-wide have been doing to become more environmentally conscience, and to investigate methods that can provide such facilities in the form of a place of worship.
This investigation of non-residential, sustainable architecture is significant because it is becoming the new “norm” in today’s architectural practice and there is still plenty of research to be conducted. Addressing these practices in religious architecture is significant because of the large percentage of places of worship that are being built, and currently exist, in the United States: currently about one for every 1,000 people (Chiat, 1997).
Major trends within the architectural community during the past couple of decades have been the increasing acceptance of integrating sustainable practices into design. Carol Franklin of Andropogon Associates summed it up as “sustainable design is not a reworking of conventional approaches and technologies, but a fundamental change in thinking and in ways of operating” (Wilson, Uncapher, McManigal, Lovins, Cureton, and Browning, 1998). Nature is a source of knowledge and its wisdom should be drawn upon to develop principles for the built environment (Kiuchi and Shireman, 2002).
Many internet-based organizations, such as the Ecological Design Institute [EDI], delve into such principles, and specifically relate to non-residential architecture. EDI’s five principles of ecological design cover aspects of relating buildings to their environment, utilizing natural processes, cycles, and environmental impacts. These issues really are not new concepts; the earliest civilizations had to have great knowledge of their local environment in order to construct buildings that could respond well to local climates (Zeiher, 1996).
Green architecture, or solar, passive, ecological, sustainable, and regenerative approaches are often categorized as being “guided by both scientific principles and a worshipful romance with nature” (Bachman, 2003). The re-emergence of these approaches in today’s society should be taken advantage of by the religious community “to model a respect for the environment by exploring ingenuous ways to construct worship spaces” (Vosko in Crosbie, 1999).
Patterns can be found within my sources for principles for developing sustainable architecture. The Hannover Principles, developed for the EXPO 2000 World’s Fair in Germany include: insisting on rights of humanity and nature to co-exist, create safe objects of long-term value, eliminate the concept of waste, rely on natural energy flows, and to seek constant improvement by the sharing of knowledge (Zeiher, 1996). Other principles include conserving energy and minimizing the dependence on fossil fuels, working with the climate and natural energy sources, minimizing new resources, respect for users and the importance of all the people involved with the building, and respect for the site (Vale and Vale, 1991).
REFERENCES:
Bachman, L. R. (2003). Integrated Buildings: The Systems Basis of Architecture. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley.
Chiat, M. J. (1997). America’s Religious Architecture: Sacred Places for Every Community. New York: Wiley.
Crosbie, M. J. (1999). Architecture for the Gods. Mulgrave, Australia: The Images Publishing Group.
Elizabeth, L. and Adams, C. (2000). Alternative Construction: Contemporary Natural Building Methods. New York: Wiley.
Krause, T. B. (1994). Care of the Earth: An Environmental Resource Manual for Church Leaders. Retrieved June 18, 2003, from the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago Web site: http://www.webofcreation.org/start/manuals/krause.
Vale, B. and Vale, R. (1991). Green Architecture: Design for an Energy-Conscious Future. Boston: Bulfinch Press Book.
Wilson, A., Uncapher, J. L., McManigal, L., Lovins, L. H., Cureton. M., and Browning, W. D. (1998). Green Development: Integrating Ecology and Real Estate. New York: Wiley.
Zeiher, L. C. (1996). The Ecology of Architecture: A Complete Guide to Creating the Environmentally Conscious Building. New York: Whitney Library of Design.
Significant factors relating to my proposed thesis topic deal with modern day life and future norms of the architectural field, especially in regards to designing places of worship.
A mere four years ago, a statement was made by Fr. Richard S. Vosko, Ph.D.: “Perhaps the wake-up call sounding the pressing issues affecting the environment has not yet stirred the hearts of the design community” (Crosbie, 1999). However, during this same era, a movement toward sustainable design and natural building in the residential architecture world became more and more apparent (Elizabeth and Adams, 2000).
I chose this topic because I have a personal interest in learning more about sustainability practices, and I specifically mentioned places of worship due to my interest in that building type. My goals and purpose for researching sustainable and ecologically designed church architecture is to show how places of worship can apply practices of sustainability in the design of their facilities. This type of architecture places high value on social and environmental sustainability and emphasizes techniques using locally available, renewable resources. The term sustainable can be defined as of, relating to, or being a material of harvesting or using a resource so that the resource is not depleted or permanently damaged (Zeiher, 1996). “Sustainability is one of the most significant concepts of this decade, influencing the design of global government policy, economics, energy resources, technology, manufacturing, community planning, and architecture” (Zeiher, 1996).
I am focusing on church architecture because of my personal interest in religion and because many groups today are becoming increasingly aware and conscience of how caring for the earth (creation) is important to all of life (Krause, 1994). I also intend to study what various organizations world-wide have been doing to become more environmentally conscience, and to investigate methods that can provide such facilities in the form of a place of worship.
This investigation of non-residential, sustainable architecture is significant because it is becoming the new “norm” in today’s architectural practice and there is still plenty of research to be conducted. Addressing these practices in religious architecture is significant because of the large percentage of places of worship that are being built, and currently exist, in the United States: currently about one for every 1,000 people (Chiat, 1997).
Major trends within the architectural community during the past couple of decades have been the increasing acceptance of integrating sustainable practices into design. Carol Franklin of Andropogon Associates summed it up as “sustainable design is not a reworking of conventional approaches and technologies, but a fundamental change in thinking and in ways of operating” (Wilson, Uncapher, McManigal, Lovins, Cureton, and Browning, 1998). Nature is a source of knowledge and its wisdom should be drawn upon to develop principles for the built environment (Kiuchi and Shireman, 2002).
Many internet-based organizations, such as the Ecological Design Institute [EDI], delve into such principles, and specifically relate to non-residential architecture. EDI’s five principles of ecological design cover aspects of relating buildings to their environment, utilizing natural processes, cycles, and environmental impacts. These issues really are not new concepts; the earliest civilizations had to have great knowledge of their local environment in order to construct buildings that could respond well to local climates (Zeiher, 1996).
Green architecture, or solar, passive, ecological, sustainable, and regenerative approaches are often categorized as being “guided by both scientific principles and a worshipful romance with nature” (Bachman, 2003). The re-emergence of these approaches in today’s society should be taken advantage of by the religious community “to model a respect for the environment by exploring ingenuous ways to construct worship spaces” (Vosko in Crosbie, 1999).
Patterns can be found within my sources for principles for developing sustainable architecture. The Hannover Principles, developed for the EXPO 2000 World’s Fair in Germany include: insisting on rights of humanity and nature to co-exist, create safe objects of long-term value, eliminate the concept of waste, rely on natural energy flows, and to seek constant improvement by the sharing of knowledge (Zeiher, 1996). Other principles include conserving energy and minimizing the dependence on fossil fuels, working with the climate and natural energy sources, minimizing new resources, respect for users and the importance of all the people involved with the building, and respect for the site (Vale and Vale, 1991).
REFERENCES:
Bachman, L. R. (2003). Integrated Buildings: The Systems Basis of Architecture. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley.
Chiat, M. J. (1997). America’s Religious Architecture: Sacred Places for Every Community. New York: Wiley.
Crosbie, M. J. (1999). Architecture for the Gods. Mulgrave, Australia: The Images Publishing Group.
Elizabeth, L. and Adams, C. (2000). Alternative Construction: Contemporary Natural Building Methods. New York: Wiley.
Krause, T. B. (1994). Care of the Earth: An Environmental Resource Manual for Church Leaders. Retrieved June 18, 2003, from the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago Web site: http://www.webofcreation.org/start/manuals/krause.
Vale, B. and Vale, R. (1991). Green Architecture: Design for an Energy-Conscious Future. Boston: Bulfinch Press Book.
Wilson, A., Uncapher, J. L., McManigal, L., Lovins, L. H., Cureton. M., and Browning, W. D. (1998). Green Development: Integrating Ecology and Real Estate. New York: Wiley.
Zeiher, L. C. (1996). The Ecology of Architecture: A Complete Guide to Creating the Environmentally Conscious Building. New York: Whitney Library of Design.
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